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Vol. 10. Issue 5.
Pages 383-391 (September - October 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 5.
Pages 383-391 (September - October 2004)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Tuberculose endobrônquica – alterações clínicas e broncoscópicas
Endobronchial tuberculosis – clinical and bronchoscopic features
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Maria Sucena1, Adelina Amorim1, Augusta Machado1, Venceslau Hespanhol2,3, Adriana Magalhães2
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João.
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João.
3 Professor Auxiliar de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto.
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RESUMO

A tuberculose endobrônquica (TEB) é uma complicação grave da tuberculose pulmonar, sendo uma causa major de morbilidade.

Com o objectivo de caracterizar os casos de TEB, os autores levaram a cabo um estudo retrospectivo destinado à definição dos aspectos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, microbiológicos e boncoscópicos.

Entre Janeiro de 1999 e Junho de 2002, foi diagnosticada TEB em 14 doentes, com idades compreendidas entre 20 e 78 anos (39,6±18,1). A percentagem de doentes do sexo masculino foi de 57 %, sendo a tosse o sintoma mais comum. Apenas 5 doentes apresentavam pesquisa de BAAR positiva na expectoração. A infiltração do parênquima pulmonar constituiu o achado radiológico mais frequente (35,7 %). As alterações broncoscópicas mais comuns foram TEB caseosa (n=4), granular (n=3) e tumoral (n=3). O brônquio lobar superior esteve envolvido em 64,3% dos casos. Em 9 doentes as alterações broncoscópicas localizaram-se à esquerda, em 3 à direita e em 2 bilateralmente. A biópsia brônquica mostrou um processo inflamatório granulomatoso em 78,6% dos casos. Todos os doentes tiveram pesquisa de BAAR positiva em exame após cultura do lavado brônquico.

Dado que os sintomas de TEB são frequentemente mascarados pelos da tuberculose pulmonar, e as alterações radiológicas são inespecíficas, a broncofibroscopia é mandatória para obtenção do diagnóstico e seguimento da sua evolução.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (5): 383-391

Palavras-chave:
Tuberculose endobrônquica
broncofibroscopia
biópsia brônquica
ABSTRACT

Endobronchial tuberculosis (ET) is a serious complication of pulmonary tuberculosis and is a major cause of morbidity.

The aim of our retrospective study was to characterize the clinical, radiological, microbiological and bronchoscopic features of ET.

Between January 1999 and June 2002 a total of 14 patients were diagnosed as having ET in our hospital. There were 8 (57%) men and 6 women with a median age of 39.6±18.1years (range from 20 to 78 years). Cough was the most common complain and it was present in 71.4% of patients. Only 5 patients were sputum smear positive. Five patients (35.7%) had parenchymal infiltration and this was the most common roentgenographic appearance. Forms of ET were classified into subtypes: actively caseating (n=4), granular (n=3), tumorous (n=3), edematoushyperemic (n=2) and ulcerative (n=2). The upper lobes were affected in 9 (64.3%) patients. Nine patients had involvement of the left bronchial tree, 3 of the right and in 2 there were bilateral lesions. The diagnosis could be established in 11 (78.6%) cases by bronchial biopsy. All patients had positive bronchial lavage cultures for acid-fast bacilli.

Clinical manifestations and roentgenographic appearance of ET are not specific and so bronchoscopy is mandatory for the prompt diagnosis and follow-up of its evolution.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (5): 383-391

Key-words:
Endobronchial tuberculosis
bronchoscopy
bronchial biopsy
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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