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Vol. 6. Issue 6.
Pages 587-594 (November - December 2000)
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Vol. 6. Issue 6.
Pages 587-594 (November - December 2000)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Tuberculose multirresistente: A experiência da Unidade de Tuberculose do Hospital de Pulido Valente
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: The impact and management in a Lisbon Tuberculosis Unit
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Carlos Gomes*
* Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia com o Grau de Consultor, do Hospital de Pulido Valente
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RESUMO

Procedemos à anáse retrospectiva da casuística referente ao primeiro ano de actividade da Unidade de Tuberculose do Hospital de Pulido Valente (Abril de 1999 a Abril de 2000), correspondente a 175 internamentos.

Registámos 20 casos de Tuberculose Multirresistente (TB-MR) (11,4%), 10 com Tuberculose Mono resistente (a 1 antibacilar de 1a Unha) (5,7%), 3 com Tuberculose Poliresistente (a 2 ou mais antibacilares de 1a linba, que não Isoniazida e Rifampicina) (1,7%) e 142 doentes com Tuberculose sensível a todos os antibacilares de 1a Unba (81,2%). Comparámos estes quatro grupos com vista à individualização de diferenças significativas relativamente aos seguintes factores comummente associados ao fenómeno da multirresistência: características demográficas, imigração, comportamentos de risco, carga bacilar e esquemas antibacilares prévios (constituição, número e duração).

O número médio de tratamentos prévios foi o único factor associado à TB-MR (2,9), cuja diferençase revelou estatísticamente signiftcativa relativamente aos outros grupos (p<0.001).

No grupo da TB-MR (20 doentes) analisámos os problemas da transmissão nosocomial e da efectividade terapêutica, face aos resultados do antibiograma. Em 11 casos de TB-MR (55%) verificámos que os doentes não estiveram em regime de isolamento. Em 8 casos de TB-MR (40%) a terapêutica antibacilar prescrita ou não teve qualquer eficácia ou redundou em monoterapia.

Concluímos que o número de tratamentos prévios constituíu o principal factor predictivo na TB-MR e que o isolamento sistematico destes doentes bem como o recurso a ténicas de amplificação genétics devem ser mandatórios, face à necessidade imperiosa de um diagnóstico e tratamento precoces das resistências e ao risco aumentado de transmissão de TB-MR.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2000; VI (6):587-594

Palavras-chave:
Tuberculose multirresistente
Tuberculose pulmonar
Transmissão nosocomial
ABSTRACT

Objective – To compare a group of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and patients with various patterns of resistance (including drug-susceptible tuberculosis), and to determine whether there bad been adequate management practices associated with multidrug resistance.

Design – Descriptive study.

Setting – Tuberculosis Unit (Pulido Valente Hospital), Lisbon, Portugal.

Method – The records of all admitted patients between April 1999 and April 2000 were reviewed to ascertain whether there bad been significant differences regarding demographic factors, immigration, HIV status, sputum smear results and prior treatment history and whether the decisions related to therapeutic prescriptions and Isolation care facilities were technically adequate.

Results – Among 175 study patients, 20 MDR-TB were observed (11,4%). The number of prior treatments was the only factor with a statistical significance associated with MDR-TB (average: 2,9 p<0,001). In the MDR-TB group, eleven patients didn't benefit of Isolation care facilities (55%) and 8 patients (40%) were treated with a regimen with less than 2 active antimycobacterial drugs.

Conclusions – Inappropriate or noncompliant prior treatment were associated with MDR-TB. Tighter control on the provisions of Isolation for tuberculosis patients and committing additional laboratory resources (amplification genotypic methods) to standard institutional care are vital in limiting the transmission and development of acquired drug resistance.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2000; VI (6): 587-594

Key-words:
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Nosocomial transmission
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Copyright © 2000. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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