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Vol. 1. Issue 2.
Pages 111-117 (March - April 1995)
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Vol. 1. Issue 2.
Pages 111-117 (March - April 1995)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL
Open Access
Valor diagnóstico da lavagem brônquica e broncoalveolar na Tuberculose Pulmonar+
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J.C. Winck*, J. Moura e Sá**, J.M. Ferraz***
* Assistente eventual de Pneumologia, Sector de Broncologia, Departamento de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar de V. N. Gaia
** Assistente graduado de Pneumologia, Sector de Broncologia, Departamento de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar de V. N. Gaia
*** Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Sector de Broncologia, Departamento de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar de V. N. Gaia
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RESUMO

Durante um período de 3 anos, foram estudados 76 doentes com suspeita de Tuberculose Pulmonar (TP) em que foi realizada broncofibroscopia com lavado bronquico (LB) e brôncoalveolar (LBA) para pesquisa de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR). A broncofibroscopia foi realizada ape.nas nos casos em que havia informação de negatividade do exame directo da expectoração ou quando os doentes não conseguiam expectorar. Destes, foi confirmada TP em 35 doentes (46%), tendo a broncofibroscopia contribuído para o diagnóstico em 30 casos (86%). A sensibilidade diagnóstica da LBA foi superior à do LB: a pesquisa de BAAR em exame directo do LB foi positiva em 11/30 (37%), havendo positividade em 13/29 (45%) do LBA.; a cultura do LB demonstrou cresc:imento de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em 24/30 (80%) e do LBA em 27/29 (93%); o LBA constituiu o único meio de diagnóstico precoce (isto é, positividade do exame directo) em 2 casos e a única fonte de cultura positiva em 4, enquanto em apenas 2 casos isso aconteceu com o LB. Nos restantes 45 casos, com amostras broncoscópicas e de expectoração negativas, o diagnóstico de TP foi confarmado em 2 por outras técnicas (cultura do líquido pleural, biópsia ganglionar) e noutros dois por resposta ao tratamento.

Os nossos resultados confirmam o papel da broncofibroscopia no diagnóstioo da Tuberculose Pulmonar, sugerindo um valor importante - da lavagem broncoalveolar oeste contexto.

Palavras-chave:
Broncofibroscopia
lavagem brônquica e broncoalveolar
Tuberculose Pulmonar
ABSTRACT

During a 3-year period, 76 patients with suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PT) were submitted to fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) with bronchial washings (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to search for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed only in patients without sputum or with sputum smears negative for AFB. Pulmonary Tuberculosis was confumed in 35 cases (46%), FB contributing to the diagnosis in 30 patients (86%). Compared to BW, BAL bad a better diagnostic yield: BW positive smears in 11/ 30 (37%), while BAL was smear positive in 13/29 (45%); BW were positive in culture in 24/30 (80%) while BAL grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 27/29 (93%); BAL was the only source of early diagnosis in 2 cases and exclusively accounted for 4 positive cultures, while with BW, this only happened in 2 cases. In the remaining 45 cases, with negative bronchoscopic and sputum samples, the diagnosis was made from other specimens (pleural fluid positive culture, lymph node biopsy) in 2 and from the response to treatment in other 2.

Our results confirm the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, suggesting an important role of bronchoalveolar lavage in this setting.

Key-words:
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
bronchial washings
bronchoalveolar lavage
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
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Trabalho em parte apresentado no X Congresso de Patologia Respiratória e publicado em resum o nos Arquivos da SPPR.

Copyright © 1995. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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