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Vol. 8. Issue 3.
Pages 205-211 (May - June 2002)
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Vol. 8. Issue 3.
Pages 205-211 (May - June 2002)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Análise da mortalidade numa unidade hospitalar de tuberculose
Analysis of mortality in a hospital tuberculosis unit
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Carlos Gomes1, Mota André1, Nelson Diogo1, Manuela Marques1, Francisco Guerreiro2, Jaime Pina3
1 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia com o Grau de Consultor
2 Interno do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia
3 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia
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RESUMO

Efectuámos um estudo transversal que abarcou a totalidade dos doentes falecidos na nossa Unidade, de Abril de 1999 a Abril de 2001.

Analisámos: 1) características clínico-epide miológicas referentes à idade, sexo, raça, classificação dos casos de tuberculose (baseada no sistema de notificação da OMS), dias de internamento, número de tratamentos antibacilares prévios e forma de tuberculose; 2) grupos nosológicos, de acordo com infecção VIH e/ou tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR) concomitante, patologia associada, complicações e causa de morte; 3) parâmetros laboratoriais à data da admissão (concentração de hemoglobina, neutrófilos totais, leucócitos totais, crea- tinina, TGO, TGP, LDH, amilase, albumina, pH, PaO2, PaCO2, CD4, carga viral e resultados do teste de sensibilidade aos antibacilares).

Foram revistos 32 processos clínicos que se distribuíram segundo 4 grupos: VIH(+)/TB-11 (34,4%); VIH(+)/TBMR-7 (21,9%); TB-10 (31,3%); TBMR-4 (12,4%). Em relação à patologia associada contabilizámos 18 casos de SIDA (56,2%), 6 com doença neoplásica e/ou imunossupressão “minor” (18,8%) e 5 casos de doença pulmonar crónica (15,6%). A causa de morte foi atribuída a uma complicação não relacionada com a tuberculose ou patologias associadas em 18 doentes (56,2%), à SIDA em 7 casos (21,9%) e à TB também em 7 doentes (21,9%).

Concluímos que o grupo cuja causa de morte foi a TB se caracterizou por ser constituído por doentes de escalão etário superior, representando casos novos a que não se associaram complicações; pelo contrário, no grupo cuja causa de morte foi a SIDA figuravam os casos de retratamento por interrupção da terapêutica antibacilar, em doentes maioritariamente mais jovens. Níveis elevados de TGO associaram-se significativamente às complicações relativas ao aparelho cardiovascular (tromboembolismo pulmonar e arritmias), assim como os valores médios mais baixos de hemoglobina se associaram às complicações de natureza infecciosa (pneumonia nosocomial, sépsis e infecção oportunista).

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (3):

Palavras-chave:
Tuberculose
mortalidade
tuberculose multirresistente
infecção VIH
ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with morta-lity following the in-hospital diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: Tuberculosis Unit (Pulido Valente Hospital), Lisbon, Portugal.

Method: The records of all patients died between April 1999 and April 2001 were reviewed to ascertain whether there had been significant differences regarding demographic factors, WHO notification categories and prior treatment history according to Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, HIV status, comorbid conditions, cause of death and laboratory parameters.

Results: The 32 study patients were divided into 4 groups: HIV/TB-11 (34,4%), HIV/MDR-TB - 7 (21,9%), TB- 10 (31,3%) and MDR-TB - 4 (12,4%). There were 6 cases of associated neoplastic disease (18,8%) and 5 patients with COPD (15,6%). The cause of death was attributed to AIDS or TB in 14 patients (43,8%) and unrelated to tuberculosis in 18 patients (56,2%).

Conclusions: Our data suggest that TB as a cause of death was associated with advanced age, in patients with no prior treatment history and without hospital complications. On the contrary, the group which death resulted from AIDS was formed by younger patients with noncompliant prior treatments. A significant increase of GOT levels was associated with cardiovascular complications (acute pulmonary embolism and arrhythmia) and low hemoglobin concentration predicted infectious complications (nosocomial pneumonia and opportunistic infections).

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (3)

Key-words:
Tuberculosis
in-hospital mortality
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
HIV infection
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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