array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0873215915302336"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30233-6"
  "estado" => "S350"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
  "aid" => "6"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2008"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:239-59"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2344
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 217
      "HTML" => 1439
      "PDF" => 688
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915302348"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30234-8"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
    "aid" => "7"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:261-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2289
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 233
        "HTML" => 1465
        "PDF" => 591
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo de Revis&#227;o&#47;Revision Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Cancro do pulm&#227;o&#58; Aspectos psicol&#243;gicos e psiqui&#225;tricos"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "261"
          "paginaFinal" => "269"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Lung cancer&#58; Psychological and psychiatric aspects"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Vera Domingues, Em&#237;lia Albuquerque"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Vera"
              "apellidos" => "Domingues"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Em&#237;lia"
              "apellidos" => "Albuquerque"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302348?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302348/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915302324"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30232-4"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
    "aid" => "5"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia&#47;SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:231-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2552
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 225
        "HTML" => 1693
        "PDF" => 634
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos e conhecimento dos riscos do tabagismo em fun&#231;&#227;o da forma&#231;&#227;o acad&#233;mica em estudantes universit&#225;rios"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "231"
          "paginaFinal" => "238"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Smoking habits and awareness of smoking risks depending on academic background in university students"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Sandra Saleiro, Carla Damas, Isabel Gomes"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sandra"
              "apellidos" => "Saleiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carla"
              "apellidos" => "Damas"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Isabel"
              "apellidos" => "Gomes"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302324?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302324/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Epidemiologia molecular de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em Lisboa"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "239"
        "paginaFinal" => "259"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Isabel Portugal, Lu&#237;s Barreiro, Tiago Vultos, Rita Macedo, Cristina Furtado, Ant&#243;nio Fonseca Antunes, Laura Brum"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Isabel"
            "apellidos" => "Portugal"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Lu&#237;s"
            "apellidos" => "Barreiro"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Tiago"
            "apellidos" => "Vultos"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Rita"
            "apellidos" => "Macedo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Cristina"
            "apellidos" => "Furtado"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ant&#243;nio Fonseca"
            "apellidos" => "Antunes"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Laura"
            "apellidos" => "Brum"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0030"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Farm&#225;cia da Universidade de Lisboa&#46; Investigadora Visitante de Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Centro de Patog&#233;nese Molecular&#44; Faculdade de Farm&#225;cia da Universidade de Lisboa&#44; Portugal&#46; Unidade de Micobact&#233;rias&#44; Centro de Bacteriologia&#44; Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; Assistant Professor&#44; Molecular Pathogenesis Centre&#44; University of Lisbon School of Pharmacy&#46; Guest Researcher&#44; Micobacteria Unit&#44; Bacteriology Centre&#44; Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health&#44; Lisbon&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "1"
            "identificador" => "af0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Licenciado em Engenharia Biotecnol&#243;gica&#44; Unidade de Micobact&#233;rias&#44; Centro de Bacteriologia&#44; Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; BSc&#44; Biotechnological Engineering&#44; Micobacteria Unit&#44; Bacteriology Centre&#44; Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health&#44; Lisbon&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "2"
            "identificador" => "af0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Licenciada em Qu&#237;mica&#44; Ramo de Bioqu&#237;mica&#46; Aluna de Mestrado em Microbiologia Cl&#237;nica&#46; Direc&#231;&#227;o-Geral de Sa&#250;de&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; BSc&#44; Chemistry &#40;Biochemistry&#41;&#46; Clinical Microbiology MSc student"
            "etiqueta" => "3"
            "identificador" => "af0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Licenciada em Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas&#46; Aluna de Doutoramento em Epidemiologia da Tuberculose&#59; Unidade de Micobact&#233;rias&#44; Centro de Bactereologia&#44; Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; BSc&#44; Pharmaceutical Sciences&#46; Tuberculosis Epidemiology PhD student&#46; Micobacteria Unit&#44; Bacteriology Centre&#44; Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health&#44; Lisbon&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "4"
            "identificador" => "af0020"
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Direc&#231;&#227;o-Geral de Sa&#250;de&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; Directorate-General for Health"
            "etiqueta" => "5"
            "identificador" => "af0025"
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Professora Auxiliar Convidada da Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa&#46; Assessora de Bacteriologia do Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal&#46; Unidade de Micobact&#233;rias&#44; Centro de Bacteriologia&#44; Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#44; Lisboa&#44; Portugal &#47; Guest Assistant Professor&#44; University of Lisbon School of Medical Sciences&#46; Bacteriology Assistant&#44; Micobacteria Unit&#44; Bacteriology Centre&#44; Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health&#44; Lisbon&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "6"
            "identificador" => "af0030"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lisbon"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2007-10-08"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2007-12-17"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570406"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>"
            1 => "multirresist&#234;ncia"
            2 => "epidemiologia molecular"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key-words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570405"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>"
            1 => "multidrugresistance"
            2 => "molecular epidemiology"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizado um estudo de epidemiologia molecular a estirpes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isoladas em hospitais de Lisboa&#46; Analisaram-se geneticamente os isolados de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> com o m&#233;todo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">restriction fragment length polymorphism</span> &#40;RFLP&#41; utilizando a sequ&#234;ncia de inser&#231;&#227;o IS6110 como sonda&#44; com o objectivo de detectar as estirpes da fam&#237;lia Lisboa e determinar a diversidade gen&#233;tica das estirpes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isoladas em Lisboa&#44; identificando os mais importantes factores de risco de transmiss&#227;o da tuberculose&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados 290 isolados de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#44;</span> dos quais 64&#44;8&#37; se encontraram agrupados em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters&#59;</span> mesmo excluindo as estirpes que apresentaram mais de 5 c&#243;pias de IS6110&#44; a percentagem de agrupamento foi de 60&#44;7&#37;&#46; A multirresist&#234;ncia foi observada em 4&#44;1&#37; das estirpes e encontraram-se todas em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters&#46;</span> Quarenta e cinco isolados &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41; pertenciam &#224; fam&#237;lia Lisboa&#46; Considerando a percentagem relativamente alta de estirpes em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cluster</span> detectada neste estudo&#44; cremos que a transmiss&#227;o activa continua a ser uma realidade em Lisboa&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; as estirpes dos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters</span> Lisboa representam as estirpes predominantes que circulam em Lisboa&#46; continuando muito relacionadas com a resist&#234;ncia aos antibacilares&#44; embora correspondam a uma percentagem inferior &#224; verificada em estudos anteriores&#46;</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIV &#40;2&#41;&#58; 239-259</span></p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a molecular epidemiology study of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> strains isolated from patients in Lisbon hospitals&#46; We used restriction fragment length polymorphism &#40;RFLP&#41; to detect Lisbon family strains and to determine the genetic diversity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> strains isolated in Lisbon&#44; through identification of the most important risk factors of tuberculosis transmission analysis&#44; with the insertion sequence IS6110 as a probe to fingerprint isolates of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#46;</span> 64&#46;8&#37; of the 290 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isolates were grouped in clusters&#46; This figure was 60&#46;7&#37; if we excluded strains with five or fewer IS6110 copies&#46; Multidrug-resistance was observed in 4&#46;1&#37; of the strains and they were all in clusters&#46; Forty-five &#40;18&#46;2&#37;&#41; strains were included in the Lisbon family&#46; Considering the relatively high percentage of strains in cluster detected in this study&#44; we believe that active transmission is still taking place in Lisbon&#46; Moreover&#44; clusters of Lisbon strains represent the predominant strains circulating in Lisbon and are still related to drug resistance although presenting a lower percentage than that observed in previous studies&#46;</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIV &#40;2&#41;&#58; 239-259</span></p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "vista" => "all"
        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia &#47; Bibliography</span>"
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0005"
                "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "Direc&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:2 [
                          "titulo" => "Programa Nacional de Luta Contra a Tuberculose&#46; Ponto da situa&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica e de desempenho"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              1 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0010"
                "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Strain identification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> by DNA fingerprinting&#58; recommendations for a standardized methodology"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "J&#46;D&#46; van Embden"
                              1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Cave"
                              2 => "J&#46;T&#46; Crawford"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1993"
                          "volumen" => "31"
                          "paginaInicial" => "406"
                          "paginaFinal" => "409"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8381814"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                          "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                            "pii" => "S0190962211008139"
                            "estado" => "S300"
                            "issn" => "01909622"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              2 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0015"
                "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections&#58; main methodologies and achievements"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "D&#46; van Soolingen"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Intern Med"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "volumen" => "249"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1"
                          "paginaFinal" => "26"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11168781"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              3 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0020"
                "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Secondary typing of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isolates with matching IS<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6110</span> fingerprints from different geographic regions of the United States"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:4 [
                              0 => "Z&#46;H&#46; Yang"
                              1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Bates"
                              2 => "K&#46;D&#46; Eisenach"
                              3 => "M&#46;D&#46; Cave"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.39.5.1691-1695.2001"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "volumen" => "39"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1691"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1695"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11325975"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              4 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0025"
                "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Comparison of methods based on different molecular epidemiological markers for typing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex strains&#58; inter-laboratory study of discriminatory power and reproducibility"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "K&#46; Kremer"
                              1 => "D&#46; van Soolingen"
                              2 => "R&#46; Frothingham"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "37"
                          "paginaInicial" => "2607"
                          "paginaFinal" => "2618"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405410"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              5 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0030"
                "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Rapid detection and simultaneous strain differentiation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> for diagnosis and tuberculosis control"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Kamerbeek"
                              1 => "L&#46; Schouls"
                              2 => "A&#46; Kolk"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1997"
                          "volumen" => "35"
                          "paginaInicial" => "907"
                          "paginaFinal" => "914"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157152"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              6 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0035"
                "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Outbreak of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lisbon&#58; detection by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "I&#46; Portugal"
                              1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Covas"
                              2 => "L&#46; Brum"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tub Lung Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "3"
                          "paginaInicial" => "207"
                          "paginaFinal" => "213"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              7 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0040"
                "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "H&#46; David"
                              1 => "V&#46; Levy-Fr&#233;bault"
                              2 => "M&#46;F&#46; Thorel"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:4 [
                          "titulo" => "M&#233;thodes de laboratoire pour mycobact&#233;riologie clinique"
                          "fecha" => "1989"
                          "editorial" => "Institut Pasteur"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Paris"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              8 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0045"
                "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Usefulness of DNA typing for global tuberculosis epidemiology"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "P&#46;W&#46; Hermans"
                              1 => "F&#46; Messadi"
                              2 => "H&#46; Guebrexabher"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Inf Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1995"
                          "volumen" => "171"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1504"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1513"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              9 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0050"
                "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Methodological problems in the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Murray"
                              1 => "D&#46; Alland"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "volumen" => "155"
                          "paginaInicial" => "565"
                          "paginaFinal" => "571"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11882530"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              10 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0055"
                "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Molecular epidemiology in the Netherlands&#58; a nation-wide study from 1993 trough 1997"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "D&#46; van Soolingen"
                              1 => "M&#46;W&#46; Borgdorff"
                              2 => "P&#46;E&#46;W&#46; de Haas"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Inf Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "180"
                          "paginaInicial" => "726"
                          "paginaFinal" => "736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              11 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0060"
                "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis&#58; achievements and challenges to current knowledge"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Murray"
                              1 => "E&#46; Nardell"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Bull World Health Organ"
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                          "volumen" => "80"
                          "paginaInicial" => "477"
                          "paginaFinal" => "482"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132006"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              12 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0065"
                "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Results from 5 y of nation-wide DNA fingerprint of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex isolates in a country with a low incidence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> infection"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:4 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Bauer"
                              1 => "Z&#46; Yang"
                              2 => "S&#46; Poulsen"
                              3 => "A&#46;B&#46; Andersen"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1998"
                          "volumen" => "36"
                          "paginaInicial" => "305"
                          "paginaFinal" => "308"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9431975"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              13 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0070"
                "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Occurrence and stability of insertion sequences in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex strains&#58; evaluation of insertion sequence-dependent DNA polymorphism as a tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "D&#46; van Soolingen"
                              1 => "P&#46;W&#46; Hermans"
                              2 => "P&#46;E&#46;W&#46; de Haas"
                              3 => "D&#46;R&#46; Soll"
                              4 => "J&#46;D&#46;A&#46; van Embden"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1991"
                          "volumen" => "29"
                          "paginaInicial" => "2578"
                          "paginaFinal" => "2586"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1685494"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              14 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0075"
                "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "The epidemiology of tuberculosis in San Francisco"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Small"
                              1 => "P&#46;C&#46; Hopewell"
                              2 => "S&#46;P&#46; Singh"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199406163302402"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                          "fecha" => "1994"
                          "volumen" => "330"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1703"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1709"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7910661"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              15 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0080"
                "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "Direc&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:2 [
                          "titulo" => "Programa Nacional de Luta Contra a Tuberculose&#46; Ponto da situa&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica e de desempenho"
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              16 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0085"
                "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Stability of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> DNA genotypes"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Yeh"
                              1 => "A&#46; Ponce de Le&#243;n"
                              2 => "C&#46;B&#46; Agasino"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:3 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1998"
                          "volumen" => "177"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              17 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0090"
                "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Worldwide occurrence of Beijing&#47;W strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>&#58; a systematic review"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Glynn"
                              1 => "J&#46; Whiteley"
                              2 => "P&#46;J&#46; Bifani"
                              3 => "K&#46; Kremer"
                              4 => "D&#46; van Soolingen"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.3201/eid0805.020002"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Infect Dis"
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                          "volumen" => "8"
                          "paginaInicial" => "843"
                          "paginaFinal" => "849"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12141971"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              18 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0095"
                "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "A dominant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> strain emerging in Denmark"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:4 [
                              0 => "T&#46; Lillebaek"
                              1 => "A&#46; Dirksen"
                              2 => "A&#46; Kok-Jensen"
                              3 => "A&#46;B&#46; Andersen"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "8"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1001"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1006"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15305484"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              19 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0100"
                "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Molecular characteristics and global spread of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> with a Western Cape F11 genotype"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:4 [
                              0 => "T&#46;C&#46; Victor"
                              1 => "P&#46; de Haas"
                              2 => "A&#46; Jordaan"
                              3 => "R&#46; Warren"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "42"
                          "paginaInicial" => "769"
                          "paginaFinal" => "772"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14766851"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              20 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0105"
                "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Conventional and molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Manitoba"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "K&#46; Blackwood"
                              1 => "A&#46; Al-Azem"
                              2 => "L&#46; Elliott"
                              3 => "E&#46; Hershfield"
                              4 => "A&#46; Kabani"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "BMC Infect Dis"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                          "volumen" => "3"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1"
                          "paginaFinal" => "11"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12659657"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              21 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0110"
                "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Analysis of the population structure of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> in Ethiopia&#44; Tunisia&#44; and The Netherlands&#58; usefulness of DNA typing for global tuberculosis epidemiology"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "P&#46;W&#46; Hermans"
                              1 => "F&#46; Messadi"
                              2 => "H&#46; Guebrexabher"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1995"
                          "volumen" => "171"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1504"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1513"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769285"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              22 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0115"
                "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Large-scale DNA fingerprinting of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> strains as a tool for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "D&#46; Chevrel-Dellagi"
                              1 => "A&#46; Abderrahman"
                              2 => "R&#46; Haltiti"
                              3 => "H&#46; Koubaji"
                              4 => "B&#46; Gicquel"
                              5 => "K&#46; Dellagi"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                          "fecha" => "1993"
                          "volumen" => "31"
                          "paginaInicial" => "2446"
                          "paginaFinal" => "2450"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8104956"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              23 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0120"
                "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the World&#46; Report No&#46;2&#58; Prevalence and trends"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "World Health Organization"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:3 [
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "editorial" => "WHO"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              24 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0125"
                "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "World Health Organization"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:4 [
                          "titulo" => "Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the World"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "editorial" => "WHO"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302336/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9575"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigos originais"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302336/v1_201509151520/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302336?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 239-259 (March - April 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 239-259 (March - April 2008)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Epidemiologia molecular de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em Lisboa
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lisbon
Visits
5466
Isabel Portugal1, Luís Barreiro2, Tiago Vultos2, Rita Macedo3, Cristina Furtado4, António Fonseca Antunes5, Laura Brum6
1 Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa. Investigadora Visitante de Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Centro de Patogénese Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Unidade de Micobactérias, Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal / Assistant Professor, Molecular Pathogenesis Centre, University of Lisbon School of Pharmacy. Guest Researcher, Micobacteria Unit, Bacteriology Centre, Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
2 Licenciado em Engenharia Biotecnológica, Unidade de Micobactérias, Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal / BSc, Biotechnological Engineering, Micobacteria Unit, Bacteriology Centre, Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
3 Licenciada em Química, Ramo de Bioquímica. Aluna de Mestrado em Microbiologia Clínica. Direcção-Geral de Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal / BSc, Chemistry (Biochemistry). Clinical Microbiology MSc student
4 Licenciada em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Aluna de Doutoramento em Epidemiologia da Tuberculose; Unidade de Micobactérias, Centro de Bactereologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal / BSc, Pharmaceutical Sciences. Tuberculosis Epidemiology PhD student. Micobacteria Unit, Bacteriology Centre, Dr Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
5 Direcção-Geral de Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal / Directorate-General for Health
6 Professora Auxiliar Convidada da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Assessora de Bacteriologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal. Unidade de Micobactérias, Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal / Guest Assistant Professor, University of Lisbon School of Medical Sciences. Bacteriology Assistant, Micobacteria Unit, Bacteriology Centre, Dr. Ricardo Jorge National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

Foi realizado um estudo de epidemiologia molecular a estirpes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas em hospitais de Lisboa. Analisaram-se geneticamente os isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis com o método restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) utilizando a sequência de inserção IS6110 como sonda, com o objectivo de detectar as estirpes da família Lisboa e determinar a diversidade genética das estirpes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas em Lisboa, identificando os mais importantes factores de risco de transmissão da tuberculose.

Foram analisados 290 isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dos quais 64,8% se encontraram agrupados em clusters; mesmo excluindo as estirpes que apresentaram mais de 5 cópias de IS6110, a percentagem de agrupamento foi de 60,7%. A multirresistência foi observada em 4,1% das estirpes e encontraram-se todas em clusters. Quarenta e cinco isolados (18,2%) pertenciam à família Lisboa. Considerando a percentagem relativamente alta de estirpes em cluster detectada neste estudo, cremos que a transmissão activa continua a ser uma realidade em Lisboa. Para além disso, as estirpes dos clusters Lisboa representam as estirpes predominantes que circulam em Lisboa. continuando muito relacionadas com a resistência aos antibacilares, embora correspondam a uma percentagem inferior à verificada em estudos anteriores.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 239-259

Palavras-chave:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
multirresistência
epidemiologia molecular
Abstract

We conducted a molecular epidemiology study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients in Lisbon hospitals. We used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to detect Lisbon family strains and to determine the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Lisbon, through identification of the most important risk factors of tuberculosis transmission analysis, with the insertion sequence IS6110 as a probe to fingerprint isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 64.8% of the 290 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were grouped in clusters. This figure was 60.7% if we excluded strains with five or fewer IS6110 copies. Multidrug-resistance was observed in 4.1% of the strains and they were all in clusters. Forty-five (18.2%) strains were included in the Lisbon family. Considering the relatively high percentage of strains in cluster detected in this study, we believe that active transmission is still taking place in Lisbon. Moreover, clusters of Lisbon strains represent the predominant strains circulating in Lisbon and are still related to drug resistance although presenting a lower percentage than that observed in previous studies.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 239-259

Key-words:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
multidrugresistance
molecular epidemiology
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia / Bibliography
[1.]
Direcção Geral de Saúde.
Programa Nacional de Luta Contra a Tuberculose. Ponto da situação epidemiológica e de desempenho, (2003),
[2.]
J.D. van Embden, M.D. Cave, J.T. Crawford, et al.
Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology.
J Clin Microbiol, 31 (1993), pp. 406-409
[3.]
D. van Soolingen.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections: main methodologies and achievements.
J Intern Med, 249 (2001), pp. 1-26
[4.]
Z.H. Yang, J.H. Bates, K.D. Eisenach, M.D. Cave.
Secondary typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with matching IS6110 fingerprints from different geographic regions of the United States.
J Clin Microbiol, 39 (2001), pp. 1691-1695
[5.]
K. Kremer, D. van Soolingen, R. Frothingham, et al.
Comparison of methods based on different molecular epidemiological markers for typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains: inter-laboratory study of discriminatory power and reproducibility.
J Clin Microbiol, 37 (1999), pp. 2607-2618
[6.]
J. Kamerbeek, L. Schouls, A. Kolk, et al.
Rapid detection and simultaneous strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and tuberculosis control.
J Clin Microbiol, 35 (1997), pp. 907-914
[7.]
I. Portugal, M.J. Covas, L. Brum, et al.
Outbreak of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lisbon: detection by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
Int J Tub Lung Dis, 3 (1999), pp. 207-213
[8.]
H. David, V. Levy-Frébault, M.F. Thorel.
Méthodes de laboratoire pour mycobactériologie clinique, Institut Pasteur, (1989),
[9.]
P.W. Hermans, F. Messadi, H. Guebrexabher, et al.
Usefulness of DNA typing for global tuberculosis epidemiology.
J Inf Dis, 171 (1995), pp. 1504-1513
[10.]
M. Murray, D. Alland.
Methodological problems in the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis.
Am J Epidemiol, 155 (2000), pp. 565-571
[11.]
D. van Soolingen, M.W. Borgdorff, P.E.W. de Haas, et al.
Molecular epidemiology in the Netherlands: a nation-wide study from 1993 trough 1997.
J Inf Dis, 180 (1999), pp. 726-736
[12.]
M. Murray, E. Nardell.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis: achievements and challenges to current knowledge.
Bull World Health Organ, 80 (2002), pp. 477-482
[13.]
J. Bauer, Z. Yang, S. Poulsen, A.B. Andersen.
Results from 5 y of nation-wide DNA fingerprint of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in a country with a low incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
J Clin Microbiol, 36 (1998), pp. 305-308
[14.]
D. van Soolingen, P.W. Hermans, P.E.W. de Haas, D.R. Soll, J.D.A. van Embden.
Occurrence and stability of insertion sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains: evaluation of insertion sequence-dependent DNA polymorphism as a tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis.
J Clin Microbiol, 29 (1991), pp. 2578-2586
[15.]
P.M. Small, P.C. Hopewell, S.P. Singh, et al.
The epidemiology of tuberculosis in San Francisco.
N Engl J Med, 330 (1994), pp. 1703-1709
[16.]
Direcção Geral de Saúde.
Programa Nacional de Luta Contra a Tuberculose. Ponto da situação epidemiológica e de desempenho, (2002),
[17.]
R.W. Yeh, A. Ponce de León, C.B. Agasino, et al.
Stability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA genotypes.
J Infect Dis, 177 (1998),
[18.]
J.R. Glynn, J. Whiteley, P.J. Bifani, K. Kremer, D. van Soolingen.
Worldwide occurrence of Beijing/W strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review.
Emerg Infect Dis, 8 (2002), pp. 843-849
[19.]
T. Lillebaek, A. Dirksen, A. Kok-Jensen, A.B. Andersen.
A dominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain emerging in Denmark.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8 (2004), pp. 1001-1006
[20.]
T.C. Victor, P. de Haas, A. Jordaan, R. Warren, et al.
Molecular characteristics and global spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a Western Cape F11 genotype.
J Clin Microbiol, 42 (2004), pp. 769-772
[21.]
K. Blackwood, A. Al-Azem, L. Elliott, E. Hershfield, A. Kabani.
Conventional and molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Manitoba.
BMC Infect Dis, 3 (2003), pp. 1-11
[22.]
P.W. Hermans, F. Messadi, H. Guebrexabher, et al.
Analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia, Tunisia, and The Netherlands: usefulness of DNA typing for global tuberculosis epidemiology.
J Infect Dis, 171 (1995), pp. 1504-1513
[23.]
D. Chevrel-Dellagi, A. Abderrahman, R. Haltiti, H. Koubaji, B. Gicquel, K. Dellagi.
Large-scale DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains as a tool for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis.
J Clin Microbiol, 31 (1993), pp. 2446-2450
[24.]
World Health Organization.
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the World. Report No.2: Prevalence and trends.
WHO, (2000),
[25.]
World Health Organization.
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the World, WHO, (2004),
Copyright © 2008. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?