Article information
Resumo
A asma é uma doença crónica muito prevalente na população, caracterizada por obstrução reversível das vias respiratórias. Vários estudos mostraram que há um controlo inadequado da doença, e uma das principais razões para isso é a falta de aderência à terapêutica. A não aderência à terapêutica pode ser não intencional ou intencional, e as causas podem ser intrínsecas às motivações, crenças e conhecimentos dos doentes, ou inerentes ao próprio tratamento.
As razões para a não aderência são: não compreensão dos objectivos da terapêutica; não compreensão da gravidade da doença; medo relacionado com o uso dos fármacos; factores psicológicos, como depressão; complexidade dos esquemas terapêuticos; e dificuldades associadas às vias de administração, principalmente a inalatória.
Reconhecendo estes factores como causa de não aderência, há estratégias que devem ser consideradas: estabelecer uma boa comunicação médico-doente; educar sobre a asma; planear o seguimento médico regular; simplificar o esquema terapêutico.
A promoção da aderência ao tratamento da asma é importante para conseguir um melhor controlo da doença, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida ao doente e, simultaneamente, redução dos custos associados à doença.
Palavras-chave:
Asma
tratamento
aderência
Abstract
Asthma is a very prevalent chronic disease in the general population, characterized by reversible obstruction of respiratory airways. Multiple studies demonstrate an improper control of the disease, and one of the main reasons for that is reduced adherence to treat ment. Non-adherence can be classified as nonintentional or intentional, and the causes can be related to the motivations, beliefs and knowledge of the patient or due to the therapeutic regimen.
The reasons for non-adherence are non-comprehension of the treatment goals; non-comprehension of disease severity; fears related to drugs; psychological conditions such as depression; complexity of treatment regimen; difficulties with administration route, mainly inhaler.
After recognizing these issues as cause of non-adherence, different approaches should be considered: set up a good physician-patient communication; promote asthma education; schedule regular appointments; simplify therapeutic regimen.
It is important to promote adherence to achieve a good asthma control, and consequently a better quality of life and reduction of asthma associated costs.
Key-words:
Asthma
treatment
adherence
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