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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD&#44; and it is estimated that 15&#8211;20&#37; of smokers will develop the pathology&#46; Characterising this risk population is an important step in improved diagnosis of COPD&#44; an increasing primary care challenge&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aims</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the percentage of smokers identified in patients aged 45&#8211;65 years old in a health centre&#44; and their characterisation&#59; to determine possible relationships between respiratory symptoms and abnormal obstruction of the small airways and the other variables studied&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observational&#44; analytical&#44; cross-sectional study carried out in a Portuguese health centre&#46; Population&#58; smokers aged 45&#8211;65 years old who filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry&#46; Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;level of significance 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample was composed of 157 participants &#40;31&#37; &#9792; and 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; average age 53&#46;85 years&#59; average age at start of smoking 16&#46;64 years&#59; average tobacco consumption 37&#46;78 pack-years&#46; Respiratory symptoms were present in 68&#46;8&#37; of the individuals&#44; and were more frequent in men&#44; those who started smoking earlier and those with higher tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Thirty percent had abnormal obstruction of the small airways&#44; with this more frequent in older smokers and those with heavier tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion and conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The underdiagnosis of smoking raises awareness of the importance of identifying this risk population and the need to implement preventative measures&#46; These&#44; in tandem with a better characterisation of this population&#44; may contribute to the improved diagnosis and management of COPD&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tabagismo &#233; o principal factor de risco da DPOC&#44; estimando-se que 15&#8211;20&#37; dos fumadores a desenvolvam&#46; A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o de risco &#233; um importante passo na melhoria do diagn&#243;stico de DPOC&#44; que &#233; cada vez mais um desafio nos cuidados prim&#225;rios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a percentagem de fumadores identificados numa USF na popula&#231;&#227;o de utentes entre 45&#8211;65 anos e sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o&#59; determinar poss&#237;veis rela&#231;&#245;es entre a presen&#231;a de sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#59; e entre a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo observacional&#44; anal&#237;tico&#44; transversal&#44; numa unidade de sa&#250;de familiar &#40;USF&#41; portuguesa&#46; Popula&#231;&#227;o&#58; utentes fumadores entre os 45&#8211;65 anos&#44; submetidos &#224; aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio e realiza&#231;&#227;o de espirometria&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada em SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A amostra foi constitu&#237;da por 157 indiv&#237;duos &#40;31&#37; &#9792; e 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; idade m&#233;dia de 53&#44;85 anos&#59; idade m&#233;dia de in&#237;cio de tabagismo de 16&#44;64 anos&#59; carga tab&#225;gica m&#233;dia de 37&#44;78 UMA&#46; Sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria esteve presente em 68&#44;8&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos&#44; sendo mais frequente nos homens&#44; com inicia&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica mais precoce e maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas estavam presentes em 30&#37;&#44; sendo mais frequentes nos mais velhos e com maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o e conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O subdiagn&#243;stico do tabagismo &#233; alarmante&#44; alertando para a import&#226;ncia da identifica&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o de risco e implementa&#231;&#227;o de medidas preventivas direccionadas &#8211; que associadas &#224; melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o poder&#227;o contribuir para uma melhoria no diagn&#243;stico e abordagem da DPOC&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 237-252 (March - April 2010)
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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 237-252 (March - April 2010)
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Characterisation of a population at increased risk of COPD
Caracterização de uma população com risco acrescido de DPOC
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Sandra Soares1,3, Isabel Costa1,3, Ana Luísa Neves1,3, Luciana Couto2,3
1 Internato Médico de Medicina Geral e Familiar/Resident, General Practice
2 Assistente Graduada de Medicina Geral e Familiar/Consultantant, Specialist, General Practice
3 Unidade de Saúde Familiar Camélias, Centro de Saúde de Soares dos Reis/Oliveira do Douro, Unidade de Soares dos Reis, Coordenador: Dr. José Varandas Rua João de Deus, 98 / 106 – Mafamude, 4410-182 Vila Nova de Gaia
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Abstract
Introduction

Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD, and it is estimated that 15–20% of smokers will develop the pathology. Characterising this risk population is an important step in improved diagnosis of COPD, an increasing primary care challenge.

Aims

To determine the percentage of smokers identified in patients aged 45–65 years old in a health centre, and their characterisation; to determine possible relationships between respiratory symptoms and abnormal obstruction of the small airways and the other variables studied.

Material and methods

Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study carried out in a Portuguese health centre. Population: smokers aged 45–65 years old who filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v.13.0 (level of significance 0.05).

Results

The sample was composed of 157 participants (31% ♀ and 69% ♂); average age 53.85 years; average age at start of smoking 16.64 years; average tobacco consumption 37.78 pack-years. Respiratory symptoms were present in 68.8% of the individuals, and were more frequent in men, those who started smoking earlier and those with higher tobacco consumption (p<0.05). Thirty percent had abnormal obstruction of the small airways, with this more frequent in older smokers and those with heavier tobacco consumption (p<0.05).

Discussion and conclusions

The underdiagnosis of smoking raises awareness of the importance of identifying this risk population and the need to implement preventative measures. These, in tandem with a better characterisation of this population, may contribute to the improved diagnosis and management of COPD.

Key-words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
smoking
primary care
Resumo
Introdução

O tabagismo é o principal factor de risco da DPOC, estimando-se que 15–20% dos fumadores a desenvolvam. A caracterização desta população de risco é um importante passo na melhoria do diagnóstico de DPOC, que é cada vez mais um desafio nos cuidados primários.

Objectivos

Determinar a percentagem de fumadores identificados numa USF na população de utentes entre 45–65 anos e sua caracterização; determinar possíveis relações entre a presença de sintomatologia respiratória e as restantes variáveis; e entre a presença de alterações obstrutivas das pequenas vias aéreas e as restantes variáveis.

Material e métodos

Estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, numa unidade de saúde familiar (USF) portuguesa. População: utentes fumadores entre os 45–65 anos, submetidos à aplicação de um questionário e realização de espirometria. A análise estatística foi realizada em SPSS v.13.0 (nível de significância de 0,05).

Resultados

A amostra foi constituída por 157 indivíduos (31% ♀ e 69% ♂); idade média de 53,85 anos; idade média de início de tabagismo de 16,64 anos; carga tabágica média de 37,78 UMA. Sintomatologia respiratória esteve presente em 68,8% dos indivíduos, sendo mais frequente nos homens, com iniciação tabágica mais precoce e maior carga tabágica (p<0,05). Alterações obstrutivas das pequenas vias aéreas estavam presentes em 30%, sendo mais frequentes nos mais velhos e com maior carga tabágica (p<0,05).

Discussão e conclusões

O subdiagnóstico do tabagismo é alarmante, alertando para a importância da identificação da população de risco e implementação de medidas preventivas direccionadas – que associadas à melhor caracterização desta população poderão contribuir para uma melhoria no diagnóstico e abordagem da DPOC.

Palavras-chave:
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica
tabagismo
cuidados primários
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Obesity and the lung: obesity and COPD.
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
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