array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0873215915301069"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30106-9"
  "estado" => "S350"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01"
  "aid" => "3"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:11-25"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2668
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 220
      "HTML" => 1683
      "PDF" => 765
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915301070"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30107-0"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01"
    "aid" => "11"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:27-42"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2275
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 212
        "HTML" => 1343
        "PDF" => 720
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Asma e a nova lei do tabaco&#46; O que mudou&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "27"
          "paginaFinal" => "42"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Asthma and the new anti-smoking legislation&#46; What has changed&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "&#193;gata Areias, Jo&#227;o Duarte, Joana Figueiredo, Rita Lucas, In&#234;s Matos, Jo&#227;o Pires, Ana Gl&#243;ria Fonseca, Jos&#233; Lu&#237;s Castanheira"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;gata"
              "apellidos" => "Areias"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jo&#227;o"
              "apellidos" => "Duarte"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joana"
              "apellidos" => "Figueiredo"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rita"
              "apellidos" => "Lucas"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "In&#234;s"
              "apellidos" => "Matos"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jo&#227;o"
              "apellidos" => "Pires"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana Gl&#243;ria"
              "apellidos" => "Fonseca"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Lu&#237;s"
              "apellidos" => "Castanheira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915301070?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001500000001/v1_201509151539/S0873215915301070/v1_201509151539/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915301057"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30105-7"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01"
    "aid" => "13"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia&#47;SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:5-10"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1876
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 200
        "HTML" => 1072
        "PDF" => 604
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:8 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial&#47;Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "A SPP e a forma&#231;&#227;o no &#226;mbito da pneumologia"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "5"
          "paginaFinal" => "10"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "The SPP and training in pulmonology"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915301057?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001500000001/v1_201509151539/S0873215915301057/v1_201509151539/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Correla&#231;&#227;o dos graus de obstru&#231;&#227;o na DPOC com lactato e teste de caminhada de seis minutos"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "11"
        "paginaFinal" => "25"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Dante Brasil Santos, Carlos Alberto de Assis Viegas"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Dante Brasil"
            "apellidos" => "Santos"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "dante&#64;unb&#46;br"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cr0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos Alberto"
            "apellidos" => "de Assis Viegas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Fisioterapeuta do Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Bras&#237;lia da Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#40;HUB&#47;UnB&#41; &#47; Physiotherapist&#44; Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Bras&#237;lia da Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#40;HUB&#47;UnB&#41;"
            "etiqueta" => "1"
            "identificador" => "af0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Professor Adjunto IV da Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica &#8211; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#47; Assistant Professor IV&#44; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia&#44; Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica&#44; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia"
            "etiqueta" => "2"
            "identificador" => "af0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cr0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia &#47; Correspondence to&#58;</span> SQN 206 BLOCO J APT 503&#46; CEP&#58; 70844-100 &#8211; Bras&#237;lia-DF &#8211; Brasil&#44; Telefone&#58; 061-32452503"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Correlation of levels of obstruction in COPD with lactate and six-minute walk test"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2008-07-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-09-17"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570508"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#243;nica"
            1 => "lactato"
            2 => "teste de esfor&#231;o"
            3 => "dessatura&#231;&#227;o ao exerc&#237;cio"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key-words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570509"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
            1 => "lactate"
            2 => "exercise test"
            3 => "exercise desaturation"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Contextualiza&#231;&#227;o</span>&#58; A doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#243;nica &#40;DPOC&#41;&#44; importante causa de morbimortalidade em todo mundo&#44; leva n&#227;o s&#243; ao comprometimento pulmonar&#44; mas tamb&#233;m a altera&#231;&#245;es sist&#233;micas&#44; com repercuss&#245;es sobre m&#250;sculos esquel&#233;ticos e a capacidade de realizar esfor&#231;os&#44; mensur&#225;vel pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos &#40;TC6&#8217;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectivos</span>&#58; correlacionar obstru&#231;&#227;o da DPOC com lactato de repouso&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de repouso&#44; bem como com dist&#226;ncia percorrida&#46; Correlacionar dist&#226;ncia percorrida com gasometria e ainda correlacionar dessatura&#231;&#227;o ao TC6&#8217; com lactato e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-TC6&#8217;&#46;</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todo&#58;</span> Portadores de DPOC realizaram espirometria&#44; gasometria e TC6&#8217;&#44; que avaliou&#58; dist&#226;ncia percorrida&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;FC&#41;&#44; lactato capilar &#40;Lct&#41; pr&#233; e p&#243;s-TC6&#8217;&#44; al&#233;m de dessatura&#231;&#227;o ao TC6&#8217;&#46;</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Foram avaliados 91 doentes abrangendo todos os graus de obstru&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os par&#226;metros p&#243;s-TC6&#8217;&#44; como FC e Lct&#44; aumentaram de maneira significativa com a realiza&#231;&#227;o do mesmo&#46; A queda da satura&#231;&#227;o da hemoglobina ao oxig&#233;nio diante do TC6&#8217; tamb&#233;m foi significativa&#46; A an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o significativa mostrou-se positiva entre VEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> e dist&#226;ncia percorrida&#44; negativa entre VEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> e FC de repouso e negativa entre dist&#226;ncia percorrida e PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; sendo n&#227;o significante para as demais vari&#225;veis&#46;</p><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#58;</span> A progress&#227;o da obstru&#231;&#227;o na DPOC&#44; bem como valores maiores de PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; contribuem para a redu&#231;&#227;o da dist&#226;ncia percorrida no TC6&#8217;&#46; O grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o na DPOC leva a altera&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica com o aumento da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de repouso destes doentes&#46;</p><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009&#59; XV &#40;1&#41;&#58; 11-25</span></p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; is a leading cause of morbid-mortality world wide&#44; leading not only to pulmonary damage but also to multi-systemic impairment&#44; with repercussions on skeletal muscles and the ability to undertake effort&#44; as measured in the six-minute walk test &#40;6-MWT&#41;&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Aims</span>&#58; To correlate the level of obstruction in COPD with lactate concentration and heart rate &#40;HR&#41; at rest&#44; and distance walked&#46; To correlate distance walked with blood gas analysis and correlate desaturation in 6-MWT with post 6-MWT lactate concentration and heart rate&#46;</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods</span>&#58; COPD patients underwent spirometry&#44; blood gas analysis and 6-MWT to evaluate distance walked&#44; heart rate&#44; capillary lactate &#40;CL&#41; concentration pre&#8211; and post 6MWT&#44; and desaturation with 6-MWT&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span>&#58; 91 patients with all levels of obstruction were evaluated&#46; HR and CL increased significantly post 6-MWT&#46; The decrease in peripheral saturation of haemoglobin to oxygen observed with 6-MWT was also significant&#46; The distance walked was shorter the greater the obstruction&#46; The correlation analysis was significantly positive between FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> and distance walked&#44; negative between FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> and HR at rest and negative between distance walked and PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; and not significant for the other variables&#46;</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions</span>&#58; Increased obstruction in COPD and higher PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> values contribute to a reduction in distance walked in 6-MWT&#46; The level of obstruction in COPD leads to a haemodynamic impairment with increased HR at rest of these patients&#46;</p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009&#59; XV &#40;1&#41;&#58; 11-25</span></p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "vista" => "all"
        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia &#47; Bibliography</span>"
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0005"
                "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "The body-mass index&#44; airflow obstruction&#44; dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "B&#46;R&#46; Celli"
                              1 => "C&#46;G&#46; Cote"
                              2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Marin"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa021322"
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "NEJM"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "350"
                          "numero" => "10"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1005"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1012"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999112"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              1 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0010"
                "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis&#44; management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;GOLD&#41;"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Pauwels"
                              1 => "A&#46;S&#46; Buist"
                              2 => "P&#46;M&#46;A&#46; Calverley"
                              3 => "C&#46;R&#46; Jenkins"
                              4 => "S&#46;S&#46; Hurd"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "volumen" => "163"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1256"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1276"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316667"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              2 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0015"
                "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "A&#46;G&#46;N&#46; Agust&#237;"
                              1 => "A&#46; Noguera"
                              2 => "J&#46; Sauleda"
                              3 => "E&#46; Sala"
                              4 => "J&#46; Pons"
                              5 => "X&#46; Busquets"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                          "volumen" => "21"
                          "paginaInicial" => "347"
                          "paginaFinal" => "360"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12608452"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              3 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0020"
                "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Influence of chronic hypoxemia on peripheral muscle dysfunction and oxidative stress in humans"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Faucher"
                              1 => "J&#46;G&#46; Steinberg"
                              2 => "D&#46; Barbier"
                              3 => "F&#46; Hug"
                              4 => "Y&#46; Jammes"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1111/j.1475-097X.2004.00533.x"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "24"
                          "paginaInicial" => "75"
                          "paginaFinal" => "84"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056179"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              4 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0025"
                "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Skeletal muscle fibre-type shifting and metabolic profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "H&#46;R&#46; Gosker"
                              1 => "H&#46; van Maneren"
                              2 => "P&#46;J&#46; van Dijk"
                              3 => "M&#46;P&#46;K&#46;J&#46; Engelen"
                              4 => "G&#46;J&#46; van der Vusse"
                              5 => "E&#46;F&#46;M&#46; Wouters"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                          "volumen" => "19"
                          "paginaInicial" => "617"
                          "paginaFinal" => "625"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11998989"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              5 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0030"
                "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Allaire"
                              1 => "F&#46; Maltais"
                              2 => "J&#46;-F&#46; Doyon"
                              3 => "M&#46; Noel"
                              4 => "P&#46; LeBlanc"
                              5 => "G&#46; Carrier"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1136/thx.2003.020636"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "59"
                          "paginaInicial" => "673"
                          "paginaFinal" => "678"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15282387"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              6 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0035"
                "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "ATS&#44; ERS"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "4"
                          "numero" => "2"
                          "paginaInicial" => "510"
                          "paginaFinal" => "540"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              7 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0040"
                "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Altered glutamate metabolism is associated with reduced muscle glutathione levels in patients with emphysema"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "M&#46;P&#46;K&#46;J&#46; Engelen"
                              1 => "A&#46;M&#46;W&#46;J&#46; Schols"
                              2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Does"
                              3 => "N&#46;E&#46;P&#46; Deutz"
                              4 => "E&#46;F&#46;M&#46; Wouters"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9901031"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "volumen" => "161"
                          "paginaInicial" => "98"
                          "paginaFinal" => "103"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10619804"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              8 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0045"
                "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Exercise-induced lactate increase in relation to muscle substrates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "M&#46;P&#46;K&#46;J&#46; Engelen"
                              1 => "A&#46;M&#46;W&#46;J&#46; Schols"
                              2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Does"
                              3 => "H&#46;R&#46; Gosker"
                              4 => "N&#46;E&#46;P&#46; Deuts"
                              5 => "E&#46;F&#46;M&#46; Wouters"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.9910066"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "volumen" => "162"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1697"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1704"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069799"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              9 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0050"
                "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Exercise-induced quadriceps oxidative stress and peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "A&#46; Couillard"
                              1 => "F&#46; Maltais"
                              2 => "D&#46; Saey"
                              3 => "R&#46; Debigar&#233;"
                              4 => "A&#46; Michaud"
                              5 => "C&#46; Koechlin"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200209-1028OC"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                          "volumen" => "167"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1664"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1669"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12672647"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              10 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0055"
                "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Richardson"
                              1 => "J&#46; Sheldon"
                              2 => "D&#46;C&#46; Poole"
                              3 => "S&#46;R&#46; Hopkins"
                              4 => "A&#46;L&#46; Ries"
                              5 => "P&#46;D&#46; Wagner"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9803049"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "159"
                          "paginaInicial" => "881"
                          "paginaFinal" => "885"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10051266"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              11 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0060"
                "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "titulo" => "ATS Statement&#58; guidelines for the six-minute walk test"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:4 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                          "paginaInicial" => "111"
                          "paginaFinal" => "117"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              12 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0065"
                "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "6-minute walk testing is more sensitive than maximal incremental cycle testing for detecting oxygen desaturation in patients with COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Poulain"
                              1 => "F&#46; Durand"
                              2 => "B&#46; Palomba"
                              3 => "F&#46; Ceugniet"
                              4 => "J&#46; Desplan"
                              5 => "A&#46; Varray"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                          "volumen" => "123"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1401"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1407"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12740254"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              13 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0070"
                "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6 minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "V&#46; Bittner"
                              1 => "D&#46;H&#46; Weiner"
                              2 => "S&#46; Yusuf"
                              3 => "W&#46;J&#46; Rogers"
                              4 => "K&#46;M&#46; McIntyre"
                              5 => "S&#46;I&#46; Bangdiwala"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                          "fecha" => "1993"
                          "volumen" => "270"
                          "numero" => "14"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1702"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1707"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411500"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              14 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0075"
                "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Six minute walk work for assessment of functional capacity in patients with COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "R&#46; Carter"
                              1 => "D&#46;B&#46; Holiday"
                              2 => "C&#46; Nwasuruba"
                              3 => "J&#46; Stocks"
                              4 => "C&#46; Grothues"
                              5 => "B&#46; Tiep"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                          "fecha" => "2003"
                          "volumen" => "123"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1408"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1415"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12740255"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              15 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0080"
                "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle and lactic acid kinetics during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "F&#46; Maltais"
                              1 => "A&#46;A&#46; Simard"
                              2 => "J&#46; Jobin"
                              3 => "P&#46; Desgagnes"
                              4 => "P&#46; LeBlanc"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542131"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "1996"
                          "volumen" => "153"
                          "paginaInicial" => "288"
                          "paginaFinal" => "293"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8542131"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              16 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0085"
                "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "titulo" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia&#46; Oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada &#40;ODP&#41;"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Pneumol"
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "volumen" => "26"
                          "numero" => "6"
                          "paginaInicial" => "341"
                          "paginaFinal" => "349"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              17 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0090"
                "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Produ&#231;&#227;o de acidose l&#225;tica durante teste de exerc&#237;cio com membros superiores sem apoio em pacientes portadores de doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "G&#46;F&#46; Souza"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:3 [
                          "fecha" => "2002"
                          "editorial" => "Tese de mestrado"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "UNIFESP-SP"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              18 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0095"
                "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "The importance of spirometry in COPD and asthma &#8211; effect on approach to management"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "B&#46;R&#46; Celli"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                          "fecha" => "2000"
                          "volumen" => "117"
                          "paginaInicial" => "15S"
                          "paginaFinal" => "19S"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673468"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              19 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0100"
                "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Lactate&#44; pyruvate and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio during exercise and recovery"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "K&#46; Wasserman"
                              1 => "W&#46;L&#46; Beaver"
                              2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Davis"
                              3 => "J&#46;Z&#46; Pu"
                              4 => "D&#46; Heber"
                              5 => "B&#46;J&#46; Whipp"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                          "fecha" => "1985"
                          "volumen" => "59"
                          "numero" => "3"
                          "paginaInicial" => "935"
                          "paginaFinal" => "940"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4055579"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              20 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0105"
                "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Contribution of respiratory muscles to the lactic acidosis of heavy exercise in COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:4 [
                              0 => "M&#46;P&#46;K&#46;J&#46; Engelen"
                              1 => "R&#46; Casaburi"
                              2 => "R&#46; Rucker"
                              3 => "E&#46; Carithers"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                          "fecha" => "1995"
                          "volumen" => "108"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1246"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1251"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7587424"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              21 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0110"
                "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Metabolic and hemodynamic responses of lower limb during exercise in patients with COPD"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "F&#46; Maltais"
                              1 => "J&#46; Jobin"
                              2 => "M&#46;J&#46; Sullivan"
                              3 => "S&#46; Bernard"
                              4 => "F&#46; Whittom"
                              5 => "J&#46; Kieran"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                          "fecha" => "1998"
                          "volumen" => "84"
                          "numero" => "5"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1573"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1580"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572801"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              22 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0115"
                "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Blood lactate&#58; biochemistry&#44; laboratory methods and clinical interpretation"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "J&#46;G&#46; Toffaletti"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.3109/10408369109106865"
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"
                          "fecha" => "1991"
                          "volumen" => "28"
                          "numero" => "4"
                          "paginaInicial" => "253"
                          "paginaFinal" => "268"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1930678"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              23 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0120"
                "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Contractile fatigue&#44; muscle morphometry&#44; and blood lactate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "D&#46; Saey"
                              1 => "A&#46; Michaud"
                              2 => "A&#46; Couillard"
                              3 => "C&#46;H&#46; C&#244;t&#233;"
                              4 => "M&#46;J&#46; Mador"
                              5 => "P&#46; LeBlanc"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200408-1005OC"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2005"
                          "volumen" => "171"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1109"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1115"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15735055"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              24 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0125"
                "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "The influence of site sampling and assay medium upon the measurement and interpretation of blood lactate responses to exercise"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Williams"
                              1 => "N&#46; Armstrong"
                              2 => "B&#46;J&#46; Kirby"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1080/02640419208729912"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Sports Sci"
                          "fecha" => "1992"
                          "volumen" => "10"
                          "paginaInicial" => "95"
                          "paginaFinal" => "107"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1588685"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              25 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0130"
                "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "J&#46;O&#46; Holloszy"
                              1 => "E&#46;F&#46; Coyle"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                          "fecha" => "1984"
                          "volumen" => "56"
                          "numero" => "4"
                          "paginaInicial" => "831"
                          "paginaFinal" => "838"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6373687"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              26 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0135"
                "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:6 [
                              0 => "R&#46; Casaburi"
                              1 => "A&#46; Patessio"
                              2 => "F&#46; Ioli"
                              3 => "S&#46; Zanaboni"
                              4 => "C&#46;F&#46; Donner"
                              5 => "K&#46; Wasserman"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/143.1.9"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                          "fecha" => "1991"
                          "volumen" => "143"
                          "paginaInicial" => "9"
                          "paginaFinal" => "18"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1986689"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              27 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0140"
                "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "K&#46; Wasserman"
                              1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Hansen"
                              2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Sue"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:4 [
                          "titulo" => "Principles of exercise testing &#38; interpretation"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "editorial" => "Lippincott Williams &#38; Wilkins"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Baltimore"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              28 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0145"
                "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Effects of exercise on amino acid metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:5 [
                              0 => "M&#46;P&#46;K&#46;J&#46; Engelen"
                              1 => "E&#46;F&#46;M&#46; Wouters"
                              2 => "N&#46;E&#46;P&#46; Deutz"
                              3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Does"
                              4 => "A&#46;M&#46;W&#46;J&#46; Schols"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2006137"
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "volumen" => "163"
                          "paginaInicial" => "859"
                          "paginaFinal" => "864"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11282757"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              29 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0150"
                "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Malthay"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:3 [
                          "titulo" => "Cl&#237;nicas m&#233;dicas da Am&#233;rica do Norte &#8211; doen&#231;as pulmonares obstrutivas cr&#244;nicas"
                          "fecha" => "1981"
                          "editorial" => "Rio de Janeiro&#59; Ed Interamericana"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000001500000001/v1_201509151539/S0873215915301069/v1_201509151539/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9575"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigos originais"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001500000001/v1_201509151539/S0873215915301069/v1_201509151539/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915301069?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 15. Issue 1.
Pages 11-25 (January - February 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 15. Issue 1.
Pages 11-25 (January - February 2009)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Correlação dos graus de obstrução na DPOC com lactato e teste de caminhada de seis minutos
Correlation of levels of obstruction in COPD with lactate and six-minute walk test
Visits
5767
Dante Brasil Santos1,
Corresponding author
dante@unb.br

Endereço para correspondência / Correspondence to: SQN 206 BLOCO J APT 503. CEP: 70844-100 – Brasília-DF – Brasil, Telefone: 061-32452503
, Carlos Alberto de Assis Viegas2
1 Fisioterapeuta do Hospital Universitário de Brasília da Universidade de Brasília (HUB/UnB) / Physiotherapist, Hospital Universitário de Brasília da Universidade de Brasília (HUB/UnB)
2 Professor Adjunto IV da Universidade de Brasília – Departamento de Clínica Médica – Universidade de Brasília / Assistant Professor IV, Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de Brasília
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

Contextualização: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC), importante causa de morbimortalidade em todo mundo, leva não só ao comprometimento pulmonar, mas também a alterações sistémicas, com repercussões sobre músculos esqueléticos e a capacidade de realizar esforços, mensurável pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’).

Objectivos: correlacionar obstrução da DPOC com lactato de repouso, frequência cardíaca de repouso, bem como com distância percorrida. Correlacionar distância percorrida com gasometria e ainda correlacionar dessaturação ao TC6’ com lactato e frequência cardíaca pós-TC6’.

Método: Portadores de DPOC realizaram espirometria, gasometria e TC6’, que avaliou: distância percorrida, frequência cardíaca (FC), lactato capilar (Lct) pré e pós-TC6’, além de dessaturação ao TC6’.

Resultados: Foram avaliados 91 doentes abrangendo todos os graus de obstrução. Os parâmetros pós-TC6’, como FC e Lct, aumentaram de maneira significativa com a realização do mesmo. A queda da saturação da hemoglobina ao oxigénio diante do TC6’ também foi significativa. A análise de correlação significativa mostrou-se positiva entre VEF1 e distância percorrida, negativa entre VEF1 e FC de repouso e negativa entre distância percorrida e PaCO2, sendo não significante para as demais variáveis.

Conclusões: A progressão da obstrução na DPOC, bem como valores maiores de PaCO2, contribuem para a redução da distância percorrida no TC6’. O grau de obstrução na DPOC leva a alteração hemodinâmica com o aumento da frequência cardíaca de repouso destes doentes.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 11-25

Palavras-chave:
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica
lactato
teste de esforço
dessaturação ao exercício
Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbid-mortality world wide, leading not only to pulmonary damage but also to multi-systemic impairment, with repercussions on skeletal muscles and the ability to undertake effort, as measured in the six-minute walk test (6-MWT).

Aims: To correlate the level of obstruction in COPD with lactate concentration and heart rate (HR) at rest, and distance walked. To correlate distance walked with blood gas analysis and correlate desaturation in 6-MWT with post 6-MWT lactate concentration and heart rate.

Methods: COPD patients underwent spirometry, blood gas analysis and 6-MWT to evaluate distance walked, heart rate, capillary lactate (CL) concentration pre– and post 6MWT, and desaturation with 6-MWT.

Results: 91 patients with all levels of obstruction were evaluated. HR and CL increased significantly post 6-MWT. The decrease in peripheral saturation of haemoglobin to oxygen observed with 6-MWT was also significant. The distance walked was shorter the greater the obstruction. The correlation analysis was significantly positive between FEV1 and distance walked, negative between FEV1 and HR at rest and negative between distance walked and PaCO2, and not significant for the other variables.

Conclusions: Increased obstruction in COPD and higher PaCO2 values contribute to a reduction in distance walked in 6-MWT. The level of obstruction in COPD leads to a haemodynamic impairment with increased HR at rest of these patients.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 11-25

Key-words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lactate
exercise test
exercise desaturation
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia / Bibliography
[1.]
B.R. Celli, C.G. Cote, J.M. Marin, et al.
The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease.
NEJM, 350 (2004), pp. 1005-1012
[2.]
R.A. Pauwels, A.S. Buist, P.M.A. Calverley, C.R. Jenkins, S.S. Hurd.
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 1256-1276
[3.]
A.G.N. Agustí, A. Noguera, J. Sauleda, E. Sala, J. Pons, X. Busquets.
Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 21 (2003), pp. 347-360
[4.]
M. Faucher, J.G. Steinberg, D. Barbier, F. Hug, Y. Jammes.
Influence of chronic hypoxemia on peripheral muscle dysfunction and oxidative stress in humans.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 24 (2004), pp. 75-84
[5.]
H.R. Gosker, H. van Maneren, P.J. van Dijk, M.P.K.J. Engelen, G.J. van der Vusse, E.F.M. Wouters, et al.
Skeletal muscle fibre-type shifting and metabolic profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 19 (2002), pp. 617-625
[6.]
J. Allaire, F. Maltais, J.-F. Doyon, M. Noel, P. LeBlanc, G. Carrier, et al.
Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD.
Thorax, 59 (2004), pp. 673-678
[7.]
ATS, ERS.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 4 (1999), pp. 510-540
[8.]
M.P.K.J. Engelen, A.M.W.J. Schols, J.D. Does, N.E.P. Deutz, E.F.M. Wouters.
Altered glutamate metabolism is associated with reduced muscle glutathione levels in patients with emphysema.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 98-103
[9.]
M.P.K.J. Engelen, A.M.W.J. Schols, J.D. Does, H.R. Gosker, N.E.P. Deuts, E.F.M. Wouters.
Exercise-induced lactate increase in relation to muscle substrates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 1697-1704
[10.]
A. Couillard, F. Maltais, D. Saey, R. Debigaré, A. Michaud, C. Koechlin, et al.
Exercise-induced quadriceps oxidative stress and peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 1664-1669
[11.]
R.S. Richardson, J. Sheldon, D.C. Poole, S.R. Hopkins, A.L. Ries, P.D. Wagner.
Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 881-885
[12.]
ATS Statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, (2002), pp. 111-117
[13.]
M. Poulain, F. Durand, B. Palomba, F. Ceugniet, J. Desplan, A. Varray, et al.
6-minute walk testing is more sensitive than maximal incremental cycle testing for detecting oxygen desaturation in patients with COPD.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1401-1407
[14.]
V. Bittner, D.H. Weiner, S. Yusuf, W.J. Rogers, K.M. McIntyre, S.I. Bangdiwala, et al.
Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6 minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
JAMA, 270 (1993), pp. 1702-1707
[15.]
R. Carter, D.B. Holiday, C. Nwasuruba, J. Stocks, C. Grothues, B. Tiep, et al.
Six minute walk work for assessment of functional capacity in patients with COPD.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1408-1415
[16.]
F. Maltais, A.A. Simard, J. Jobin, P. Desgagnes, P. LeBlanc.
Oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle and lactic acid kinetics during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with COPD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153 (1996), pp. 288-293
[17.]
Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia. Oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP).
J Pneumol, 26 (2000), pp. 341-349
[18.]
G.F. Souza.
Produção de acidose lática durante teste de exercício com membros superiores sem apoio em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica.
Tese de mestrado, (2002),
[19.]
B.R. Celli.
The importance of spirometry in COPD and asthma – effect on approach to management.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 15S-19S
[20.]
K. Wasserman, W.L. Beaver, J.A. Davis, J.Z. Pu, D. Heber, B.J. Whipp.
Lactate, pyruvate and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio during exercise and recovery.
J Appl Physiol, 59 (1985), pp. 935-940
[21.]
M.P.K.J. Engelen, R. Casaburi, R. Rucker, E. Carithers.
Contribution of respiratory muscles to the lactic acidosis of heavy exercise in COPD.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 1246-1251
[22.]
F. Maltais, J. Jobin, M.J. Sullivan, S. Bernard, F. Whittom, J. Kieran, et al.
Metabolic and hemodynamic responses of lower limb during exercise in patients with COPD.
J Appl Physiol, 84 (1998), pp. 1573-1580
[23.]
J.G. Toffaletti.
Blood lactate: biochemistry, laboratory methods and clinical interpretation.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 28 (1991), pp. 253-268
[24.]
D. Saey, A. Michaud, A. Couillard, C.H. Côté, M.J. Mador, P. LeBlanc, et al.
Contractile fatigue, muscle morphometry, and blood lactate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 171 (2005), pp. 1109-1115
[25.]
J.R. Williams, N. Armstrong, B.J. Kirby.
The influence of site sampling and assay medium upon the measurement and interpretation of blood lactate responses to exercise.
J Sports Sci, 10 (1992), pp. 95-107
[26.]
J.O. Holloszy, E.F. Coyle.
Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences.
J Appl Physiol, 56 (1984), pp. 831-838
[27.]
R. Casaburi, A. Patessio, F. Ioli, S. Zanaboni, C.F. Donner, K. Wasserman.
Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 9-18
[28.]
K. Wasserman, J.E. Hansen, D.Y. Sue.
Principles of exercise testing & interpretation, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, (1999),
[29.]
M.P.K.J. Engelen, E.F.M. Wouters, N.E.P. Deutz, J.D. Does, A.M.W.J. Schols.
Effects of exercise on amino acid metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 859-864
[30.]
R.A. Malthay.
Clínicas médicas da América do Norte – doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas, Rio de Janeiro; Ed Interamericana, (1981),
Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?