array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173511509701253"
  "issn" => "21735115"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70125-3"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-05-01"
  "aid" => "70125"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "rev"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:473-82"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3255
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 229
      "HTML" => 1944
      "PDF" => 1082
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173511509701265"
    "issn" => "21735115"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70126-5"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-05-01"
    "aid" => "70126"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:483-505"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3982
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 246
        "HTML" => 1503
        "PDF" => 2233
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Actualização em doença pulmonar tromboembólica"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "483"
          "paginaFinal" => "505"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Márcia Man, António Bugalho, Pina Jaime"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Márcia"
              "apellidos" => "Man"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "António"
              "apellidos" => "Bugalho"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pina"
              "apellidos" => "Jaime"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701265?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000003/v1_201305151509/S2173511509701265/v1_201305151509/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173511509701241"
    "issn" => "21735115"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70124-1"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-05-01"
    "aid" => "70124"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:461-72"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3484
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 276
        "HTML" => 1771
        "PDF" => 1437
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "A intervenção da célula epitelial na asma"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "461"
          "paginaFinal" => "472"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Anabela Mota Pinto, Ana Todo-Bom"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Anabela"
              "apellidos" => "Mota Pinto"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana"
              "apellidos" => "Todo-Bom"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701241?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000003/v1_201305151509/S2173511509701241/v1_201305151509/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Défice de alfa-1 antitripsina. A experiência do Hospital de Pulido Valente com a terapêutica de reposição"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "473"
        "paginaFinal" => "482"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Carla Alves Costa, Cristina Santos, Jaime Pina"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carla"
            "apellidos" => "Alves Costa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Cristina"
            "apellidos" => "Santos"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jaime"
            "apellidos" => "Pina"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Interna do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital de Dia de Insuficientes Respirat&#243;rios&#59; Unidade de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Respirat&#243;ria&#44; Respons&#225;vel&#58; F&#225;tima Rodrigues&#44; Departamento de Pneumologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente&#44; CHLN&#44; EPE&#44; Director&#58; Jaime Pina&#44; Departamento de Pneumologia&#44; Hospital de Pulido Valente EPE&#44; Alameda das Linhas Torres&#44; n&#46;&#176; 117&#44; 1769-001 Lisboa"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2008-09-24"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-12-31"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160110"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Alfa-1 antitripsina"
            1 => "terap&#234;utica de reposi&#231;&#227;o"
            2 => "enfisema"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160111"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Alpha-1 antitrypsin"
            1 => "augmentation therapy"
            2 => "emphysema"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A alfa-1 antitripsina &#40;AAT&#41; &#233; sintetizada pelo f&#237;gado&#44; com uma semivida plasm&#225;tica de 4-5 dias&#46; Apresenta ac&#231;&#227;o inibidora das proteases&#44; com particular afinidade para a elastase dos neutr&#243;filos&#46; A sua defici&#234;ncia est&#225; associada a uma menor protec&#231;&#227;o pulmonar da ac&#231;&#227;o das enzimas dos neutr&#243;filos activados&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A defici&#234;ncia de AAT &#233; uma doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica resultante da heran&#231;a de dois alelos deficientes&#46; Dos alelos deficientes&#44; o mais frequente &#233; o Pi&#42;Z&#44; sendo a forma homozig&#243;tica Pi&#42;ZZ respons&#225;vel por n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos mais baixos&#44; habitualmente inferiores a 50 mg&#47;dl&#46; O limiar de protec&#231;&#227;o &#233; 80 mg&#47;dl&#46; O tabagismo aumenta francamente o risco de enfisema nestes doentes&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O objectivo da terap&#234;utica de reposi&#231;&#227;o &#233; a manuten&#231;&#227;o de n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de AAT acima do limiar protector&#44; retardando a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os autores apresentam a experi&#234;ncia do Hospital de Dia de Insuficientes Respirat&#243;rios do Hospital de Pulido Valente&#44; de cinco doentes com enfisema por defici&#234;ncia de AAT&#44; fazendo reposi&#231;&#227;o endovenosa semanal com prolastina<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi efectuada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica&#44; funcional respirat&#243;ria e radiol&#243;gica dos doentes entre 2003 e 2007&#46; Verificou-se estabilidade cl&#237;nica e radiol&#243;gica e menor decl&#237;nio anual de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> ap&#243;s in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A reposi&#231;&#227;o com prolastina<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#233; um tratamento de custos elevados&#44; havendo falta de estudos aleatorizados e controlados que demonstrem a sua efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica&#46; A evid&#234;ncia do benef&#237;cio &#233; baseada em estudos observacionais&#46; A nossa <span class="elsevierStyleBold">experi&#234;ncia &#233; positiva&#44; com benef&#237;cios cl&#237;nicos&#44; funcionais e radiol&#243;gicos</span>&#46; Apesar de estar descrita na literatura uma redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade&#44; ainda n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel fazer essa infer&#234;ncia na nossa pequena amostra&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alpha-1 antitrypsin &#40;AAT&#41; is synthesised in the liver and has half-life of 4-5 days&#46; AAT has antiprotease activity&#44; with particular affinity for neutrophil elastase&#46; Its deficiency leads to a lack of effective lung protection against activated neutrophil enzymes&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Deficiency of AAT is a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of the inheritance of two protease inhibitor deficient alleles&#46; Of the deficient alleles&#44; Pi&#42;Z is the most common&#44; and the homozygous form Pi&#42;ZZ results in the lowest serum levels&#44; usually below 50 mg&#47; dl&#46; The &#8220;protective threshold&#8221; is 80 mg&#47;dl&#46; Smoking increases the risk of emphysema&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The current goal of augmentation therapy is to raise the plasma levels&#44; above protective threshold and slow disease progression&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors present the experience of the Day Care Hospital of the Pulido Valente Hospital with five male patients presenting emphysema due to AAT deficiency&#44; receiving weekly intravenous treatment with Prolastin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#46; We performed a clinical&#44; respiratory functional and radiological evaluation between 2003 and 2007&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results point to a slower progression of the disease&#44; with clinical and radiological stability and a reduced rate of FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> decline&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Augmentation therapy is an expensive treatment and its use is lacking supportive evidence of efficacy by randomized controlled clinical trials&#46; Evidence that it confers benefits is based on observational studies&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Our experience is positive&#44; showing clinical&#44; radiological and functional benefits</span>&#46; The literature available points to a decrease in mortality&#44; but we could not affirm so in our small population&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:16 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency &#8211; Clinical aspects and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Thomas"
                            1 => "W&#46; Tobias"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Uni-med Science"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A review of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ranes"
                            1 => "J&#46;K&#46; Stoller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "numero" => "5"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "American Thoracic Society&#47;European Respiratory Society Statement&#46; Standards for the diagnosis and management of individuals with antitrypsin deficiency&#46; Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003&#59; 168&#58;818-900&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Delay in diagnosis of alpha 1 &#8211; antitrypsin deficiency&#46; A continuing problem"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;K&#46; Stoller"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Sandhaus"
                            2 => "G&#46; Turino"
                            3 => "R&#46; Dickson"
                            4 => "K&#46; Rodgers"
                            5 => "C&#46; Strange"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.128.4.1989"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "128"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1989"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1994"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236846"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic epidemiology of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency&#58; France&#44; Italy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46;J&#46; de Serres"
                            1 => "I&#46; Blanco"
                            2 => "E&#46;F&#46; Bustillo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Portugal and Spain&#46; Clin Genet"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "490"
                        "paginaFinal" => "509"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimated numbers and prevalence of PI&#42;S and PI&#42;Z alleles of a1-antitrypsin deficiency in European countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Blancov"
                            1 => "F&#46;J&#46; de Serres"
                            2 => "E&#46; Fernandez-Bustillo"
                            3 => "B&#46; Lara"
                            4 => "M&#46; Miravitlles"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.06.00062305"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "77"
                        "paginaFinal" => "84"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387939"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Marques MA&#46; Proposta de um registo nacional de deficit&#225;rios em alfa 1-antitripsina&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In</span> XXXI Jornadas de Actualiza&#231;&#227;o &#8211; 2007&#59; 89&#8211;99&#46; Cadeira de Pneumologia da Universidade de Coimbra&#44; Departamento de Ci&#234;ncias Pneumol&#243;gicas e Alergol&#243;gicas dos HUC&#44; Centro de Pneumologia da Universidade de Coimbra&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trends in the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with &#945;-1 antitrypsin deficiency between 1968 and 2003"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Campos"
                            1 => "A&#46; Wanner"
                            2 => "G&#46; Zhang"
                            3 => "R&#46;A&#46; Sandhaus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.128.3.1179"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "128"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1186"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16162704"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;B&#46; Shaker"
                            1 => "A&#46; Dikersen"
                            2 => "K&#46;S&#46; Bach"
                            3 => "J&#46; Mortensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/15412550701341277"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "COPD&#58; Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17530508"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Augmentation therapy reduces frequency of lung infections in antitrypsin deficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Lieberman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1480"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1485"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11083705"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0300893211007032"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03008932"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Cigna Healthcare Coverage Position&#46; Alpha-1 antiproteinase inhibitor &#40;human&#41; &#40;Aralast<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Prolastin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Zemaira <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;&#46; Coverage Position Number 4037&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Peripheral deposition of &#945;-1 antiprotease inhibitor using commercial devices"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Brand"
                            1 => "H&#46; Beckmann"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Enriquez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "263"
                        "paginaFinal" => "267"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12952258"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Replacement therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated with emphysema"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Wewers"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Casolaro"
                            2 => "S&#46;E&#46; Sellers"
                            3 => "S&#46;C&#46; Swazye"
                            4 => "K&#46;M&#46; McPhaul"
                            5 => "J&#46;T&#46; Wittes"
                            6 => "R&#46;G&#46; Crystal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM198704233161704"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "316"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1055"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1062"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3494198"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Rovner SM&#44; Stoller JK&#46; Treatment of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency&#46; UpToDate<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>2008&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.uptodate.com/">www&#46;uptodate&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-resoluion computed tomography scanning in &#945;-1 antitrypsin deficiency&#58; relationship to lung function and health status"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46;J&#46; Dowson"
                            1 => "P&#46;J&#46; Guest"
                            2 => "S&#46;L&#46; Hill"
                            3 => "R&#46;L&#46; Holder"
                            4 => "R&#46;A&#46; Stockley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1097"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1104"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11491150"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Prolastin<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; human alpha-1 antitrypsin&#46; Product Monograph 2007&#46; Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000003/v1_201305151509/S2173511509701253/v1_201305151509/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9551"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Review Article&#47;Artigo de Revis&#227;o"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001500000003/v1_201305151509/S2173511509701253/v1_201305151509/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701253?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 15. Issue 3.
Pages 473-482 (May - June 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 15. Issue 3.
Pages 473-482 (May - June 2009)
Full text access
Défice de alfa-1 antitripsina. A experiência do Hospital de Pulido Valente com a terapêutica de reposição
Visits
847
Carla Alves Costa1, Cristina Santos2, Jaime Pina3
1 Interna do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia
3 Hospital de Dia de Insuficientes Respiratórios; Unidade de Reabilitação Respiratória, Responsável: Fátima Rodrigues, Departamento de Pneumologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente, CHLN, EPE, Director: Jaime Pina, Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital de Pulido Valente EPE, Alameda das Linhas Torres, n.° 117, 1769-001 Lisboa
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumo

A alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) é sintetizada pelo fígado, com uma semivida plasmática de 4-5 dias. Apresenta acção inibidora das proteases, com particular afinidade para a elastase dos neutrófilos. A sua deficiência está associada a uma menor protecção pulmonar da acção das enzimas dos neutrófilos activados.

A deficiência de AAT é uma doença genética resultante da herança de dois alelos deficientes. Dos alelos deficientes, o mais frequente é o Pi*Z, sendo a forma homozigótica Pi*ZZ responsável por níveis séricos mais baixos, habitualmente inferiores a 50 mg/dl. O limiar de protecção é 80 mg/dl. O tabagismo aumenta francamente o risco de enfisema nestes doentes.

O objectivo da terapêutica de reposição é a manutenção de níveis séricos de AAT acima do limiar protector, retardando a progressão da doença.

Os autores apresentam a experiência do Hospital de Dia de Insuficientes Respiratórios do Hospital de Pulido Valente, de cinco doentes com enfisema por deficiência de AAT, fazendo reposição endovenosa semanal com prolastina®.

Foi efectuada uma avaliação clínica, funcional respiratória e radiológica dos doentes entre 2003 e 2007. Verificou-se estabilidade clínica e radiológica e menor declínio anual de FEV1 após início do tratamento.

A reposição com prolastina® é um tratamento de custos elevados, havendo falta de estudos aleatorizados e controlados que demonstrem a sua eficácia clínica. A evidência do benefício é baseada em estudos observacionais. A nossa experiência é positiva, com benefícios clínicos, funcionais e radiológicos. Apesar de estar descrita na literatura uma redução da mortalidade, ainda não foi possível fazer essa inferência na nossa pequena amostra.

Palavras chave:
Alfa-1 antitripsina
terapêutica de reposição
enfisema
Abstract

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is synthesised in the liver and has half-life of 4-5 days. AAT has antiprotease activity, with particular affinity for neutrophil elastase. Its deficiency leads to a lack of effective lung protection against activated neutrophil enzymes.

Deficiency of AAT is a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of the inheritance of two protease inhibitor deficient alleles. Of the deficient alleles, Pi*Z is the most common, and the homozygous form Pi*ZZ results in the lowest serum levels, usually below 50 mg/ dl. The “protective threshold” is 80 mg/dl. Smoking increases the risk of emphysema.

The current goal of augmentation therapy is to raise the plasma levels, above protective threshold and slow disease progression.

The authors present the experience of the Day Care Hospital of the Pulido Valente Hospital with five male patients presenting emphysema due to AAT deficiency, receiving weekly intravenous treatment with Prolastin®. We performed a clinical, respiratory functional and radiological evaluation between 2003 and 2007.

The results point to a slower progression of the disease, with clinical and radiological stability and a reduced rate of FEV1 decline.

Augmentation therapy is an expensive treatment and its use is lacking supportive evidence of efficacy by randomized controlled clinical trials. Evidence that it confers benefits is based on observational studies.

Our experience is positive, showing clinical, radiological and functional benefits. The literature available points to a decrease in mortality, but we could not affirm so in our small population.

Keywords:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
augmentation therapy
emphysema
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia
[1.]
K. Thomas, W. Tobias.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency – Clinical aspects and management.
Uni-med Science, (2007),
[2.]
J. Ranes, J.K. Stoller.
A review of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 26 (2005),
[3.]
American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement. Standards for the diagnosis and management of individuals with antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:818-900.
[4.]
J.K. Stoller, R.A. Sandhaus, G. Turino, R. Dickson, K. Rodgers, C. Strange.
Delay in diagnosis of alpha 1 – antitrypsin deficiency. A continuing problem.
Chest, 128 (2005), pp. 1989-1994
[5.]
F.J. de Serres, I. Blanco, E.F. Bustillo.
Genetic epidemiology of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: France, Italy.
Portugal and Spain. Clin Genet, 63 (2003), pp. 490-509
[6.]
Blancov, F.J. de Serres, E. Fernandez-Bustillo, B. Lara, M. Miravitlles.
Estimated numbers and prevalence of PI*S and PI*Z alleles of a1-antitrypsin deficiency in European countries.
Eur Respir J, 27 (2006), pp. 77-84
[7.]
Marques MA. Proposta de um registo nacional de deficitários em alfa 1-antitripsina. In XXXI Jornadas de Actualização – 2007; 89–99. Cadeira de Pneumologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Ciências Pneumológicas e Alergológicas dos HUC, Centro de Pneumologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
[8.]
M.A. Campos, A. Wanner, G. Zhang, R.A. Sandhaus.
Trends in the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with α-1 antitrypsin deficiency between 1968 and 2003.
Chest, 128 (2005), pp. 1179-1186
[9.]
S.B. Shaker, A. Dikersen, K.S. Bach, J. Mortensen.
Imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 4 (2007), pp. 143-161
[10.]
J. Lieberman.
Augmentation therapy reduces frequency of lung infections in antitrypsin deficiency.
Chest, 118 (2000), pp. 1480-1485
[11.]
Cigna Healthcare Coverage Position. Alpha-1 antiproteinase inhibitor (human) (Aralast®, Prolastin®, Zemaira ®). Coverage Position Number 4037.
[12.]
P. Brand, H. Beckmann, M.M. Enriquez, et al.
Peripheral deposition of α-1 antiprotease inhibitor using commercial devices.
Eur Respir J, 22 (2003), pp. 263-267
[13.]
M. Wewers, M.A. Casolaro, S.E. Sellers, S.C. Swazye, K.M. McPhaul, J.T. Wittes, R.G. Crystal.
Replacement therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated with emphysema.
N Engl J Med, 316 (1987), pp. 1055-1062
[14.]
Rovner SM, Stoller JK. Treatment of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. UpToDate®2008; www.uptodate.com.
[15.]
L.J. Dowson, P.J. Guest, S.L. Hill, R.L. Holder, R.A. Stockley.
High-resoluion computed tomography scanning in α-1 antitrypsin deficiency: relationship to lung function and health status.
Eur Respir J, 17 (2001), pp. 1097-1104
[16.]
Prolastin®, human alpha-1 antitrypsin. Product Monograph 2007. Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH.
Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?