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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Setting</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The smoking rate in Portugal is 19&#46;2&#37; and 33&#37; in Europe&#46; There is no precise data on the smoking rate of the asthmatic population&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred and ten asthmatic patients observed in asthma consultations were classified as non-smokers&#44; former-smokers or smokers&#46; Subsequently&#44; based on functional and clinical criteria&#44; they were classified as having Severe Persistent &#40;SPA&#41;&#44; Moderate Persistent &#40;MoPA&#41;&#44; Mild Persistent &#40;MiPA&#41; and Intermittent &#40;IA&#41; Asthma&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">8&#37; of 110 patients &#40;65&#37; female&#41; aged 18 to 78 years were smokers&#44; 9&#37; former-smokers&#44; 83&#37; non-smokers&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the asthmatics&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">smokers&#58; 0&#37; SPA&#44; 56&#37; MoPA&#44; 33&#37; MiPA&#44; 11&#37; IA&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">former smokers&#58; 10&#37; SPA&#44; 30&#37;MoPA&#44; 50&#37; MiPA&#44; 10&#37; IA&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">non-smokers&#58; 7&#37; SPA&#44; 27&#37; MoPA&#44; 36&#37; MiPA&#44; 30&#37; IA&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with exposure to smoking had worse functional evaluation than those without exposure&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this population sample the rate of current smoking habits &#40;8&#37; of current smokers&#41; was considerably low than in Portugal &#40;19&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Analysis and comparison of asthma severity and functional evaluation detected worse results in both current and former smokers&#46; These reinforce the role of tobacco exposure in asthma aggravation and worsening of its prognosis&#46; Further studies may be important to prove and alert the asthmatic population&#44; in particular&#44; to the well-known risks of smoking&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos em Portugal e na Europa ronda os 19&#44;2 e 33&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; N&#227;o existem&#44; por&#233;m&#44; dados precisos quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos na popoula&#231;&#227;o asm&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos e sua repercuss&#227;o numa amostra populacional asm&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cento e dez doentes asm&#225;ticos observados em consultas consecutivas de asma foram classificados como n&#227;o fumadores&#44; ex-fumadores ou fumadores&#44; de acordo com os seus h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#46; Subsequentemente&#44; baseados numa avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e funcional&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos num de quatro grupos&#58; asma persistente severa &#40;APS&#41;&#44; persistente moderada &#40;APM&#41;&#44; persistente ligeira &#40;APL&#41; e intermitente &#40;AI&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre os 110 doentes &#40;65&#37; do sexo feminino&#41;&#44; com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 78&#44; 8&#37; eram fumadores&#44; 9&#37; ex-fumadores e 83&#37; n&#227;o fumadores&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o entre os asm&#225;ticos&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fumadores &#8211; 0&#37; APS&#44; 56&#37; APM&#44; 33&#37; APL&#44; 11&#37;AI&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ex-fumadores &#8211; 10&#37; APS&#44; 30&#37; APM&#44; 50&#37; APL&#44; 10&#37;AI&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o fumadores &#8211; 7&#37;APS&#44; 27&#37;APM&#44; 36&#37;APL&#44; 30&#37;AI&#59;</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional foi globalmente pior em doentes com exposi&#231;&#227;o &#40;actual ou pr&#233;via&#41; a tabaco&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos nesta amostra populacional foi de 8&#37;&#44; consideravelmente inferior &#224; sua preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa &#40;19&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise e compara&#231;&#227;o do grau de severidade de asma e da sua avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional revelou resultados piores na popula&#231;&#227;o de fumadores e ex-fumadores&#46; Estes refor&#231;am o papel da exposi&#231;&#227;o ao tabaco como factor de agravamento da asma e&#44; consequentemente&#44; do seu progn&#243;stico&#46; Estudos posteriores podem revelar-se importantes na comprova&#231;&#227;o dos bem conhecidos riscos dos h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; contribuindo para alertar a popula&#231;&#227;o asm&#225;tica neste sentido&#46;</p>"
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The smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample
Prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e sua repercussão numa população de asmáticos
Bárbara Seabra1,
Corresponding author
i.live@iname.com

Correspondence/Correspondência: R. Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.° Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: +227865100.
, Miguel Guimarães2, Aurora Carvalho2, Raquel Duarte2
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Resident, specialist training in Pulmonology, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia
2 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Pulmonology Consultant, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Setting</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The smoking rate in Portugal is 19&#46;2&#37; and 33&#37; in Europe&#46; There is no precise data on the smoking rate of the asthmatic population&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred and ten asthmatic patients observed in asthma consultations were classified as non-smokers&#44; former-smokers or smokers&#46; Subsequently&#44; based on functional and clinical criteria&#44; they were classified as having Severe Persistent &#40;SPA&#41;&#44; Moderate Persistent &#40;MoPA&#41;&#44; Mild Persistent &#40;MiPA&#41; and Intermittent &#40;IA&#41; Asthma&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">8&#37; of 110 patients &#40;65&#37; female&#41; aged 18 to 78 years were smokers&#44; 9&#37; former-smokers&#44; 83&#37; non-smokers&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the asthmatics&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">smokers&#58; 0&#37; SPA&#44; 56&#37; MoPA&#44; 33&#37; MiPA&#44; 11&#37; IA&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">former smokers&#58; 10&#37; SPA&#44; 30&#37;MoPA&#44; 50&#37; MiPA&#44; 10&#37; IA&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">non-smokers&#58; 7&#37; SPA&#44; 27&#37; MoPA&#44; 36&#37; MiPA&#44; 30&#37; IA&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with exposure to smoking had worse functional evaluation than those without exposure&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this population sample the rate of current smoking habits &#40;8&#37; of current smokers&#41; was considerably low than in Portugal &#40;19&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Analysis and comparison of asthma severity and functional evaluation detected worse results in both current and former smokers&#46; These reinforce the role of tobacco exposure in asthma aggravation and worsening of its prognosis&#46; Further studies may be important to prove and alert the asthmatic population&#44; in particular&#44; to the well-known risks of smoking&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos em Portugal e na Europa ronda os 19&#44;2 e 33&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; N&#227;o existem&#44; por&#233;m&#44; dados precisos quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos na popoula&#231;&#227;o asm&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos e sua repercuss&#227;o numa amostra populacional asm&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cento e dez doentes asm&#225;ticos observados em consultas consecutivas de asma foram classificados como n&#227;o fumadores&#44; ex-fumadores ou fumadores&#44; de acordo com os seus h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#46; Subsequentemente&#44; baseados numa avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e funcional&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos num de quatro grupos&#58; asma persistente severa &#40;APS&#41;&#44; persistente moderada &#40;APM&#41;&#44; persistente ligeira &#40;APL&#41; e intermitente &#40;AI&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre os 110 doentes &#40;65&#37; do sexo feminino&#41;&#44; com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 78&#44; 8&#37; eram fumadores&#44; 9&#37; ex-fumadores e 83&#37; n&#227;o fumadores&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o entre os asm&#225;ticos&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fumadores &#8211; 0&#37; APS&#44; 56&#37; APM&#44; 33&#37; APL&#44; 11&#37;AI&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ex-fumadores &#8211; 10&#37; APS&#44; 30&#37; APM&#44; 50&#37; APL&#44; 10&#37;AI&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8211;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o fumadores &#8211; 7&#37;APS&#44; 27&#37;APM&#44; 36&#37;APL&#44; 30&#37;AI&#59;</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional foi globalmente pior em doentes com exposi&#231;&#227;o &#40;actual ou pr&#233;via&#41; a tabaco&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos nesta amostra populacional foi de 8&#37;&#44; consideravelmente inferior &#224; sua preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o portuguesa &#40;19&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise e compara&#231;&#227;o do grau de severidade de asma e da sua avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional revelou resultados piores na popula&#231;&#227;o de fumadores e ex-fumadores&#46; Estes refor&#231;am o papel da exposi&#231;&#227;o ao tabaco como factor de agravamento da asma e&#44; consequentemente&#44; do seu progn&#243;stico&#46; Estudos posteriores podem revelar-se importantes na comprova&#231;&#227;o dos bem conhecidos riscos dos h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; contribuindo para alertar a popula&#231;&#227;o asm&#225;tica neste sentido&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735115
Original language: English
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Pulmonology

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