Correspondence/Correspondência: R. Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.° Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: +227865100.
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Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.° Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: +227865100." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e sua repercussão numa população de asmáticos" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-05-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-04-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159727" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "smoking" 2 => "GINA" 3 => "FEV1" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159726" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asma" 1 => "tabaco" 2 => "GINA" 3 => "VEMS" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Setting</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The smoking rate in Portugal is 19.2% and 33% in Europe. There is no precise data on the smoking rate of the asthmatic population.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred and ten asthmatic patients observed in asthma consultations were classified as non-smokers, former-smokers or smokers. Subsequently, based on functional and clinical criteria, they were classified as having Severe Persistent (SPA), Moderate Persistent (MoPA), Mild Persistent (MiPA) and Intermittent (IA) Asthma.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">8% of 110 patients (65% female) aged 18 to 78 years were smokers, 9% former-smokers, 83% non-smokers.</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the asthmatics:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">smokers: 0% SPA, 56% MoPA, 33% MiPA, 11% IA;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">former smokers: 10% SPA, 30%MoPA, 50% MiPA, 10% IA;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">non-smokers: 7% SPA, 27% MoPA, 36% MiPA, 30% IA.</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with exposure to smoking had worse functional evaluation than those without exposure.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this population sample the rate of current smoking habits (8% of current smokers) was considerably low than in Portugal (19.2%). Analysis and comparison of asthma severity and functional evaluation detected worse results in both current and former smokers. These reinforce the role of tobacco exposure in asthma aggravation and worsening of its prognosis. Further studies may be important to prove and alert the asthmatic population, in particular, to the well-known risks of smoking.</p>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdução</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prevalência de hábitos tabágicos em Portugal e na Europa ronda os 19,2 e 33%, respectivamente. Não existem, porém, dados precisos quanto à prevalência de hábitos tabágicos na popoulação asmática.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e sua repercussão numa amostra populacional asmática.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e métodos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cento e dez doentes asmáticos observados em consultas consecutivas de asma foram classificados como não fumadores, ex-fumadores ou fumadores, de acordo com os seus hábitos tabágicos. Subsequentemente, baseados numa avaliação clínica e funcional, foram incluídos num de quatro grupos: asma persistente severa (APS), persistente moderada (APM), persistente ligeira (APL) e intermitente (AI).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre os 110 doentes (65% do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 78, 8% eram fumadores, 9% ex-fumadores e 83% não fumadores.</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuição entre os asmáticos:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fumadores – 0% APS, 56% APM, 33% APL, 11%AI;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ex-fumadores – 10% APS, 30% APM, 50% APL, 10%AI;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Não fumadores – 7%APS, 27%APM, 36%APL, 30%AI;</p></li></ul></p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A avaliação funcional foi globalmente pior em doentes com exposição (actual ou prévia) a tabaco.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusão</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prevalência de hábitos tabágicos nesta amostra populacional foi de 8%, consideravelmente inferior à sua prevalência na população portuguesa (19,2%). A análise e comparação do grau de severidade de asma e da sua avaliação funcional revelou resultados piores na população de fumadores e ex-fumadores. Estes reforçam o papel da exposição ao tabaco como factor de agravamento da asma e, consequentemente, do seu prognóstico. Estudos posteriores podem revelar-se importantes na comprovação dos bem conhecidos riscos dos hábitos tabágicos, contribuindo para alertar a população asmática neste sentido.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "The European Report on Tobacco Control Policy – 1997–2001 – WHO – Regional Office for Europe." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." 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