Blood pressure and sleep during a 12-month stay at Concordia Station (3233 m), Antarctica

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Viscuso, V. Livi, A. Cancellieri, D. Paioli, D. Magnini, F. Leoncini, L. Richeldi, R. Trisolini" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Viscuso" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Livi" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Cancellieri" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Paioli" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Magnini" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Leoncini" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Richeldi" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Trisolini" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2531043722002562?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/25310437/0000002900000005/v1_202309041851/S2531043722002562/v1_202309041851/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S253104372300017X" "issn" => "25310437" "doi" => "10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.02.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01" "aid" => "1840" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Pulmonol. 2023;29:424-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Letter to the Editor" "titulo" => "Diaphragm thickening fraction and inspiratory effort in patients with SARS-COV II pneumonia receiving different non-invasive respiratory supports" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "424" "paginaFinal" => "427" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 4333 "Ancho" => 2686 "Tamanyo" => 480318 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0001" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Upper part: Spearman Correlation analysis between TFdi and ΔPes (p value 0,01): inspiratory effort measured by oesophageal manometry was directly correlated to TFdi, regardless of the type of NRS applied. Each dot corresponds to the mean value of 6 measurements of ΔPes and their linear correlation with TFdi, for each patient during each different NIRS trial (colors). Middle part: Spearman correlation analysis between Ve and ΔPes (p value 0,001). Each dot corresponds to the mean value of 6 measurements of ΔPes and their linear correlation with VE, for each patient during each different NIRS trial (colors). Lower Part: Spearman correlation analysis between VE and TFdi (p value 0,04). Each mark corresponds to the mean value of 6 measurements of TFdi and their linear correlation with VE, for each patient during each different NIRS trial (colors). ΔPes: oesophageal pressure swing; TFdi: diaphragm thickening fraction; VE: minute ventilation; HFNC; High flow nasal cannula, CPAP; continuous positive airway pressure, NIV; non-invasive ventilation. Lower part: correlation analysis between Ve and ΔPes (p value 0.001) and TFdi (p value 0,04). Each mark corresponds to the mean value of 6 measurements of ΔPes and TFdi (triangles and dots, respectively) and their linear correlation with Ve, for each patient during each different NIRS trial (colors). ΔPes: oesophageal pressure swing; TFdi: diaphragm thickening fraction; Ve: minute ventilation; HFNC; High flow nasal cannula, CPAP; continuous positive airway pressure, NIV; non-invasive ventilation." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.L. Vega, G. Schifino, L. Pisani, V. Catalanotti, I. Prediletto, S. Nava" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Vega" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Schifino" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Pisani" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Catalanotti" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Prediletto" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Nava" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S253104372300017X?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/25310437/0000002900000005/v1_202309041851/S253104372300017X/v1_202309041851/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Letter to the Editor" "titulo" => "Blood pressure and sleep during a 12-month stay at Concordia Station (3233 m), Antarctica" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "428" "paginaFinal" => "431" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Furian, P. Robach, S. Thoolen, S. Rommel, S. Baillieul, S. Doutreleau, P.J. Arnal, S. Verges" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Furian" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Robach" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Thoolen" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Rommel" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Baillieul" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Doutreleau" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P.J." "apellidos" => "Arnal" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0004" ] ] ] 7 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Verges" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "SVerges@chu-grenoble.fr" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0001" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "HP2 Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm (U1300), CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne, 74400 Chamonix, France" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor, Brest, France" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dreem, Paris, France" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0004" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0001" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3456 "Ancho" => 3120 "Tamanyo" => 709809 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0001" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline, during the 1st and during the 12th month at Dumont d'Urville (20 m, Panel A & B) or Concordia Station (3233 m, Panel C & D), respectively. Dots represent mean values of all measurements within the same hour of the day, separated for the time point. Whiskers represent the standard error of the mean of the corresponding hour of the day. Mean and SE values were calculated by linear mixed regression models using all valid, single blood pressure measurements available (4181 single measurements). *P<0.05 between diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure measurements obtained during the 1- (*) or 12- (*) month in Antarctica compared to baseline measurements. Panel E (DdU) and F (Concordia) represent the proportions of participants having normal (Dippers) or abnormal (Non-Dippers) day-to-night blood pressure reductions at the corresponding time points. *P<0.05 in the proportion of Dippers to Non-Dippers within the same group when staying in Antarctica compared to baseline (assessed by McNemar Tests of paired proportions)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Crewmembers overwintering at Concordia Station in Antarctica are exposed to daylight alterations, hypobaric hypoxia, confinement and cold. Previous studies reported persistent sleep disturbances, sleep-disordered breathing and reduced daytime performance over a period of 12 months but consequences on the cardiovascular function remain unknown.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002">2</a> Concordia is located at 3233 m of altitude and non-Antarctic altitude studies have shown acute altitude-induced increases in systemic blood pressure (BP) up to several weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003">3</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004">4</a> Revealing persistent cardiovascular stress, e.g. elevated incidence of day-to-night BP non-dipping,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">5</a> in Concordia crewmembers over a period of 12 months would call for immediate actions to identify risk factors and investigate prophylactic measures that can prevent adverse cardiovascular events in future expeditions.Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate cardiovascular function in the presence of sleep disturbances in crewmembers staying for 12 months at Concordia. Secondary, to distinguish the effect of altitude from other Antarctic conditions (e.g., daylight alterations), observations in Concordia were compared to a low-altitude control group stationed for 12 months at Dumont d'Urville (DdU), located on the Antarctica coast.This study was approved by a French ethical committee (CPP Nord-Ouest 1, no.19.02.28.36850). Healthy crewmembers without any chronic disease or intake of regular medication, living ≤1200 m and who gave their written consent performed baseline sea-level measurements in France 5–6 weeks before embarking on their 12-month mission at Concordia (3233 m, barometric pressure 645 hPa, corresponding to ∼3800 m at the latitude of 45° in the Northern hemisphere) or at DdU (20 m, 985 hPa). No pre-acclimatization to high altitude was performed. During baseline measurements and in the 1st and 12th month in Antarctica, participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (24h-ABPM, Novacor Diasys 3+, France) according to international standards<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">5</a> and sleep stage assessments for 2 consecutive nights using a DREEM headband (Dreem 1, France). 24h-ABPM was analysed by linear mixed regression analyses incorporating all valid BP measurements (n = 4181) obtained during the three 24h-ABPM sessions (measurements were performed in 15 and 30 min intervals during day and night, respectively). Night periods were adjusted to individual habits and were detected by the position sensor of the BP device when a participant was in supine position for at least two consecutive measurements. To detect clinically relevant nocturnal (abnormal) non-dippers, non-dipping was defined by a <10% decrease from day-to-night BP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">5</a> Sleep outcomes with a confidence quality score of >50% were automatically scored by the DREEM algorithm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006">6</a> A P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Overall, 12 healthy crewmembers (17% women, mean±SD age 30.6 ± 11.7 yrs) at DdU and 11 (36% women, age 36.2 ± 10.0 yrs) at Concordia (P = 0.129 between groups) participated in the study. All tolerated the stay in Antarctica and no regular medication was used against altitude illnesses or to facilitate sleep. At both Stations, indoor temperature was around 22 °C. Crewmembers at Concordia were hypoxemic but showed improved sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency during the 1st and 12th month compared to baseline. However, they spent a higher proportion of total sleep time (TST) in superficial sleep stage 2 and a lower proportion in deep sleep stage 3 compared to baseline (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table</a>). More micro-arousals were observed during the 1st and 12th month at Concordia compared to baseline and DdU. No changes in sleep stages and micro-arousals were observed at DdU. At Concordia, crewmembers showed elevated night BP values in the 1st month compared to baseline and DdU (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Figure</a> Panel A to D), whereas nocturnal diastolic and mean BP elevations persisted at 12 months. Additionally, the proportion of non-dippers in Concordia increased from 0% at baseline to 64% and 45% in the 1st and 12th month, respectively (P<0.05 vs. baseline, McNemar Tests) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Figure</a>, Panel E and F). Corresponding proportions of non-dippers in DdU were 17%, 25% and 42% (P>0.05, all comparisons).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0001"></elsevierMultimedia>This prospective cohort study confirms sleep disturbances and reveals elevated night BP in Antarctic overwintering crewmembers staying for 12 months at Concordia when compared to baseline and to a low-altitude control group. These alterations indicate persistent and uncompensated cardiovascular stress at Concordia for 1 year. The observed findings are probably driven by the difference in altitude and hypobaric hypoxia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0007">7</a> since confinement (e.g. psychological distress), climatic conditions (e.g. cold during outdoor activities) and altered daylight between Concordia and DdU were comparable, although this was not quantitatively assessed in this study. Our findings extend previous reports on altered cardiovascular function during acute (days) and prolonged (weeks) exposure to high altitude.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004">4</a> Especially, nocturnal and not daytime BP remained elevated during 12 months, which is in accordance with the presence of more superficial sleep, hypoxia-related arousals and high-altitude periodic breathing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002">2</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0008">8</a> Moreover, a large proportion of crewmembers at Concordia showed insufficient day-to-night BP reductions, an important clinical marker for cardiovascular outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">5</a> These cardiovascular findings based on 4181 valid BP measurements are novel and of clinical importance since evacuation or treatment according to international guidelines in case of cardiovascular events is impossible at Concordia and in many Antarctic stations, but also in other remote high-altitude environments.The limitations of this study are to provide no additional measurements during acute (days) Antarctic exposure; no gold-standard polysomnographies to assess sleep stages<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009">9</a> and additional cardiovascular risk factors, such as nocturnal arterial oxygenation or sleep-disordered breathing. However, the DREEM headband and algorithm have been validated against polysomnography<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006">6</a> and showed good reproducibility between the two consecutive nights in this study, with mean differences (95%CI) in sleep stages 2 and 3 (%TST) of −0.2%TST(−3.4 to 3.0) and 0.9%TST(−1.9 to 3.6). Due to the small sample size, it was not feasible to investigate explanatory factors behind the observed findings. However, a strength of this study was to prospectively follow for 12 months the Antarctic coastal DdU crewmembers. This control group accounts for many confounding factors in Antarctica and allows underlining the effect of chronic hypoxic exposure in Concordia.Overall, our data emphasize persistent cardiovascular stress in the presence of impaired sleep and of hypoxia over a 12-month duration. Based on our findings, randomized clinical trials investigating long-term preventive measures, e.g. oxygen or acetazolamide therapy,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">10</a> against cardiovascular risk factors are warranted during long-term stays at Concordia." "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-09-01" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-02-21" "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<elsevierMultimedia ident="ecom0001"></elsevierMultimedia>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix" "titulo" => "Supplementary materials" "identificador" => "sec0002" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3456 "Ancho" => 3120 "Tamanyo" => 709809 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0001" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline, during the 1st and during the 12th month at Dumont d'Urville (20 m, Panel A & B) or Concordia Station (3233 m, Panel C & D), respectively. Dots represent mean values of all measurements within the same hour of the day, separated for the time point. Whiskers represent the standard error of the mean of the corresponding hour of the day. Mean and SE values were calculated by linear mixed regression models using all valid, single blood pressure measurements available (4181 single measurements). *P<0.05 between diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure measurements obtained during the 1- (*) or 12- (*) month in Antarctica compared to baseline measurements. Panel E (DdU) and F (Concordia) represent the proportions of participants having normal (Dippers) or abnormal (Non-Dippers) day-to-night blood pressure reductions at the corresponding time points. *P<0.05 in the proportion of Dippers to Non-Dippers within the same group when staying in Antarctica compared to baseline (assessed by McNemar Tests of paired proportions)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0001" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0002" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values are presented as means ± SE and were obtained from multivariable regression analyses. All valid, single measurements obtained during the three 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure sessions were included in the regression analyses (a total of 4181 valid blood pressure measurements in 23 participants)." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0001"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0002"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dumont D'Urville Station (20 m)</td><a name="en0003"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordia Station (3233 m)</td><a name="en0004"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean difference in change between groups (95% CI)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0005"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Exposure time, months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0006"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0007"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0008"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0009"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0010"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0011"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0012"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 month vs. baseline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0013"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12 month vs. baseline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0014"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Daytime SpO2,% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0015"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">97.6±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0016"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">97.6±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0017"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">98.0±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">96.6±0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">89.7±0.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0020"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">90.6±0.5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0021"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−7.0 (−8.2 to −5.7)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0022"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−6.5 (−7.7 to −5.2)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0023"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related outcomes</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0024"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Time in bed, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0025"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">400±23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">436±17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">387±18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">434±21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">438±15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">458±15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−32 (−109 to 45) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">37 (−22 to 95) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">TST, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">357±24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">391±19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">344±20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">358±20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">384±17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0039"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">408±16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0040"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−8 (−88 to 72) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0041"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">64 (−5 to 133) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0042"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Sleep onset latency, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0043"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">15±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0044"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">15±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0045"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">15±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0046"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">32±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0047"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">19±4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">17±4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13 (−27 to 1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">15 (−30 to 1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">N1, %TST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5.3±0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5.0±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5.8±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5.9±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6.5±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0.9 (−1.5 to 3.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0.3 (−2.2 to 2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">N2, %TST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0061"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">38.4±3.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0062"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">36.7±2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0063"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">40.0±2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0064"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">43.0±2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0065"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">49.6±2.4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0066"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">50.6±2.2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0067"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">8.3 (0.2 to 16.4)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0068"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6.0 (−3.7 to 15.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0069"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">N3, %TST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0070"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">33.2±2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0071"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">28.0±2.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">33.6±2.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">24.4±2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">17.6±2.1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">18.0±2.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1.5 (−10.3 to 7.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−6.7 (−13.4 to −0.1)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">REM, %TST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0079"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">22.5±2.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0080"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">29.7±1.9<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">21.5±1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">26.1±2.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">25.6±1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">23.3±1.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−7.7 (−16.3 to 0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0086"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1.7 (−10.4 to 6.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0087"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">NREM, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">276±17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">272±14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">269±14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">262±16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">284±13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0093"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">310±12<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0094"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">26 (−37 to 89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">56 (0 to 112) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Wake, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">44±9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">38±8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">42±8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">69±8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">56±7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">49±7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−7 (−34 to 21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−18 (−50 to 14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Awakenings, number \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">22±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0107"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">17±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0108"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">19±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">21±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">23±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">22±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7 (1 to 14)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0113"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5 (−4 to 13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0114"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Sleep Efficiency, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0115"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">89±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">91±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0117"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">90±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">84±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">86±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">89±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0121"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−6 to 7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5 (−3 to 13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">WASO, min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">27±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0125"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">19±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">17±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">33±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0128"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">24±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0129"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">24±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1 (−24 to 22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−22 to 25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0132"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Micro-Arousal Index, 1/h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0133"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">8.0±1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6.9±1.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0135"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7.1±1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0136"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7.1±1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0137"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">10.1±1.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0138"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11.5±1.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0139"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">4.1 (1.9 to 6.4)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0140"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5.4 (1.7 to 9.1)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0141"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">24-hour ambulatory blood pressure</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0142"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">24 h BP</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0143"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0144"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">114±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0145"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">111±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0146"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">115±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0147"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">117±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">119±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">115±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6 (3 to 8)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−2 (−5 to 0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">74±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">71±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">75±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0156"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">76±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0157"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">79±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0158"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">77±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0159"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7 (4 to 9)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0160"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−1 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0161"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Mean BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0162"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">88±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0163"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">84±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0164"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">88±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0165"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">89±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0166"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">92±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0167"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">90±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0168"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6 (4 to 8)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0169"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0 (−2 to 2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0170"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0171"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0172"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0173"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0174"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0175"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0176"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0177"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−2 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0178"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1 (−3 to 2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0179"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0180"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0181"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">10±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0182"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0183"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0184"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0185"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0186"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−1 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0187"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0 (−2 to 2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0188"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Heart rate, bpm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0189"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">72±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0190"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">70±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0191"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">74±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0192"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">74±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0193"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">79±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0194"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">78±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0195"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">8 (6 to 10)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0196"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">3 (1 to 5)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0197"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top">Day period1</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0198"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0199"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">120±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0200"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">115±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0201"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">119±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0202"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">124±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0203"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">122±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0204"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">118±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0205"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">3 (1 to 6)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0206"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−4 (−7 to −2)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0207"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0208"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">79±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0209"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">75±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0210"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">78±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0211"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">82±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0212"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">83±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0213"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">79±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0214"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">6 (4 to 8)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0215"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1 (−3 to 1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0216"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Mean BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0217"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">93±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0218"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">88±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0219"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">92±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0220"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">96±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0221"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">96±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0222"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">92±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0223"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">5 (3 to 7)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0224"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−2 (−4 to 0)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0225"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0226"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0227"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0228"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">15±1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0229"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0230"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0231"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">14±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0232"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">2 (−2 to 5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0233"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1 (−4 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0234"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0235"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0236"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">10±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0237"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0238"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0239"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0240"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0241"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">2 (−1 to 5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0242"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">−1 (−4 to 2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0243"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Heart rate, bpm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0244"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">74±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0245"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">72±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0246"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">78±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0247"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">77±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0248"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">85±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0249"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">81±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0250"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">9 (7 to 12)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0251"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−2 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0252"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top">Night period<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn2">1</a></td><a name="en0253"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0254"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0255"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">100±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0256"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">98±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0257"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">102±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0258"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">102±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0259"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">114±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0260"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">104±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0261"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">14 (10 to 18)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0262"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−4 to 5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0263"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0264"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">62±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0265"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">60±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0266"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">64±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0267"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">63±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0268"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">71±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0269"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">68±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0270"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11 (7 to 14)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0271"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">3 (0 to 7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0272"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Mean BP, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0273"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">75±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0274"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">72±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0275"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">77±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0276"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">76±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0277"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">85±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0278"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">80±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0279"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12 (9 to 15)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0280"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">3 (−1 to 6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0281"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Systolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0282"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0283"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0284"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0285"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">14±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0286"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0287"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">13±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0288"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0 (−4 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0289"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">0 (−4 to 3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0290"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Diastolic-SD, mmHg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0291"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0292"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">10±1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0293"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">10±1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0294"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">12±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0295"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0296"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">11±1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0297"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−2 to 4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0298"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">1 (−2 to 4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0299"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Heart rate, bpm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0300"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">67±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0301"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">62±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0302"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">63±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0303"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">66±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0304"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">68±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0305"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">68±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3">⁎</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1">#</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0306"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7 (4 to 11)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0307"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="top">7 (3 to 11)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4">‡</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3258888.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tb1fn1" "etiqueta" => "#" "nota" => "P<0.05 for difference in night-day change between groups. 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Letter to the Editor

Blood pressure and sleep during a 12-month stay at Concordia Station (3233 m), Antarctica

M. Furiana, P. Robachb, S. Thoolenc, S. Rommelc, S. Baillieula, S. Doutreleaua, P.J. Arnald, S. Vergesa,

Corresponding author

SVerges@chu-grenoble.fr

Corresponding author.

a HP2 Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm (U1300), CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France

b Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne, 74400 Chamonix, France

c French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor, Brest, France

d Dreem, Paris, France

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          "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline&#44; during the 1st and during the 12th month at Dumont d&#39;Urville &#40;20&#160;m&#44; Panel A &#38; B&#41; or Concordia Station &#40;3233&#160;m&#44; Panel C &#38; D&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; Dots represent mean values of all measurements within the same hour of the day&#44; separated for the time point&#46; Whiskers represent the standard error of the mean of the corresponding hour of the day&#46; Mean and SE values were calculated by linear mixed regression models using all valid&#44; single blood pressure measurements available &#40;4181&#160;single measurements&#41;&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;05 between diurnal&#47;nocturnal blood pressure measurements obtained during the 1- &#40;&#42;&#41; or 12- &#40;&#42;&#41; month in Antarctica compared to baseline measurements&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Panel E &#40;DdU&#41; and F &#40;Concordia&#41;</span> represent the proportions of participants having normal &#40;Dippers&#41; or abnormal &#40;Non-Dippers&#41; day-to-night blood pressure reductions at the corresponding time points&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;05 in the proportion of Dippers to Non-Dippers within the same group when staying in Antarctica compared to baseline &#40;assessed by McNemar Tests of paired proportions&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="para0001" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crewmembers overwintering at Concordia Station in Antarctica are exposed to daylight alterations&#44; hypobaric hypoxia&#44; confinement and cold&#46; Previous studies reported persistent sleep disturbances&#44; sleep-disordered breathing and reduced daytime performance over a period of 12 months but consequences on the cardiovascular function remain unknown&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Concordia is located at 3233&#160;m of altitude and non-Antarctic altitude studies have shown acute altitude-induced increases in systemic blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; up to several weeks&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Revealing persistent cardiovascular stress&#44; e&#46;g&#46; elevated incidence of day-to-night BP non-dipping&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> in Concordia crewmembers over a period of 12 months would call for immediate actions to identify risk factors and investigate prophylactic measures that can prevent adverse cardiovascular events in future expeditions&#46;</p><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; the main purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate cardiovascular function in the presence of sleep disturbances in crewmembers staying for 12&#160;months at Concordia&#46; Secondary&#44; to distinguish the effect of altitude from other Antarctic conditions &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; daylight alterations&#41;&#44; observations in Concordia were compared to a low-altitude control group stationed for 12 months at Dumont d&#39;Urville &#40;DdU&#41;&#44; located on the Antarctica coast&#46;</p><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was approved by a French ethical committee &#40;CPP Nord-Ouest 1&#44; no&#46;19&#46;02&#46;28&#46;36850&#41;&#46; Healthy crewmembers without any chronic disease or intake of regular medication&#44; living &#8804;1200&#160;m and who gave their written consent performed baseline sea-level measurements in France 5&#8211;6 weeks before embarking on their 12-month mission at Concordia &#40;3233&#160;m&#44; barometric pressure 645 hPa&#44; corresponding to &#8764;3800&#160;m at the latitude of 45&#176; in the Northern hemisphere&#41; or at DdU &#40;20&#160;m&#44; 985 hPa&#41;&#46; No pre-acclimatization to high altitude was performed&#46; During baseline measurements and in the 1st and 12th month in Antarctica&#44; participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; monitoring &#40;24h-ABPM&#44; Novacor Diasys 3&#43;&#44; France&#41; according to international standards<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and sleep stage assessments for 2 consecutive nights using a DREEM headband &#40;Dreem 1&#44; France&#41;&#46; 24h-ABPM was analysed by linear mixed regression analyses incorporating all valid BP measurements &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;4181&#41; obtained during the three 24h-ABPM sessions &#40;measurements were performed in 15 and 30&#160;min intervals during day and night&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Night periods were adjusted to individual habits and were detected by the position sensor of the BP device when a participant was in supine position for at least two consecutive measurements&#46; To detect clinically relevant nocturnal &#40;abnormal&#41; non-dippers&#44; non-dipping was defined by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> &#60;10&#37; decrease from day-to-night BP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sleep outcomes with a confidence quality score of &#62;50&#37; were automatically scored by the DREEM algorithm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> &#60; 0&#46;05 was considered as statistically significant&#46;</p><p id="para0004" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall&#44; 12 healthy crewmembers &#40;17&#37; women&#44; mean&#177;SD age 30&#46;6&#160;&#177;&#160;11&#46;7 yrs&#41; at DdU and 11 &#40;36&#37; women&#44; age 36&#46;2&#160;&#177;&#160;10&#46;0 yrs&#41; at Concordia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;129 between groups&#41; participated in the study&#46; All tolerated the stay in Antarctica and no regular medication was used against altitude illnesses or to facilitate sleep&#46; At both Stations&#44; indoor temperature was around 22&#160;&#176;C&#46; Crewmembers at Concordia were hypoxemic but showed improved sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency during the 1st and 12th&#160;month compared to baseline&#46; However&#44; they spent a higher proportion of total sleep time &#40;TST&#41; in superficial sleep stage 2 and a lower proportion in deep sleep stage 3 compared to baseline &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table</a>&#41;&#46; More micro-arousals were observed during the 1st and 12th month at Concordia compared to baseline and DdU&#46; No changes in sleep stages and micro-arousals were observed at DdU&#46; At Concordia&#44; crewmembers showed elevated night BP values in the 1st month compared to baseline and DdU &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Figure</a> Panel A to D&#41;&#44; whereas nocturnal diastolic and mean BP elevations persisted at 12 months&#46; Additionally&#44; the proportion of non-dippers in Concordia increased from 0&#37; at baseline to 64&#37; and 45&#37; in the 1st and 12th month&#44; respectively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;05&#160;vs&#46; baseline&#44; McNemar Tests&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Figure</a>&#44; Panel E and F&#41;&#46; Corresponding proportions of non-dippers in DdU were 17&#37;&#44; 25&#37; and 42&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#62;0&#46;05&#44; all comparisons&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0001"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This prospective cohort study confirms sleep disturbances and reveals elevated night BP in Antarctic overwintering crewmembers staying for 12 months at Concordia when compared to baseline and to a low-altitude control group&#46; These alterations indicate persistent and uncompensated cardiovascular stress at Concordia for 1 year&#46; The observed findings are probably driven by the difference in altitude and hypobaric hypoxia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0007"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> since confinement &#40;e&#46;g&#46; psychological distress&#41;&#44; climatic conditions &#40;e&#46;g&#46; cold during outdoor activities&#41; and altered daylight between Concordia and DdU were comparable&#44; although this was not quantitatively assessed in this study&#46; Our findings extend previous reports on altered cardiovascular function during acute &#40;days&#41; and prolonged &#40;weeks&#41; exposure to high altitude&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Especially&#44; nocturnal and not daytime BP remained elevated during 12 months&#44; which is in accordance with the presence of more superficial sleep&#44; hypoxia-related arousals and high-altitude periodic breathing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0008"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Moreover&#44; a large proportion of crewmembers at Concordia showed insufficient day-to-night BP reductions&#44; an important clinical marker for cardiovascular outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These cardiovascular findings based on 4181 valid BP measurements are novel and of clinical importance since evacuation or treatment according to international guidelines in case of cardiovascular events is impossible at Concordia and in many Antarctic stations&#44; but also in other remote high-altitude environments&#46;</p><p id="para0006" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of this study are to provide no additional measurements during acute &#40;days&#41; Antarctic exposure&#59; no gold-standard polysomnographies to assess sleep stages<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and additional cardiovascular risk factors&#44; such as nocturnal arterial oxygenation or sleep-disordered breathing&#46; However&#44; the DREEM headband and algorithm have been validated against polysomnography<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and showed good reproducibility between the two consecutive nights in this study&#44; with mean differences &#40;95&#37;CI&#41; in sleep stages 2 and 3 &#40;&#37;TST&#41; of &#8722;0&#46;2&#37;TST&#40;&#8722;3&#46;4 to 3&#46;0&#41; and 0&#46;9&#37;TST&#40;&#8722;1&#46;9 to 3&#46;6&#41;&#46; Due to the small sample size&#44; it was not feasible to investigate explanatory factors behind the observed findings&#46; However&#44; a strength of this study was to prospectively follow for 12 months the Antarctic coastal DdU crewmembers&#46; This control group accounts for many confounding factors in Antarctica and allows underlining the effect of chronic hypoxic exposure in Concordia&#46;</p><p id="para0007" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall&#44; our data emphasize persistent cardiovascular stress in the presence of impaired sleep and of hypoxia over a 12-month duration&#46; Based on our findings&#44; randomized clinical trials investigating long-term preventive measures&#44; e&#46;g&#46; oxygen or acetazolamide therapy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> against cardiovascular risk factors are warranted during long-term stays at Concordia&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline&#44; during the 1st and during the 12th month at Dumont d&#39;Urville &#40;20&#160;m&#44; Panel A &#38; B&#41; or Concordia Station &#40;3233&#160;m&#44; Panel C &#38; D&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; Dots represent mean values of all measurements within the same hour of the day&#44; separated for the time point&#46; Whiskers represent the standard error of the mean of the corresponding hour of the day&#46; Mean and SE values were calculated by linear mixed regression models using all valid&#44; single blood pressure measurements available &#40;4181&#160;single measurements&#41;&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;05 between diurnal&#47;nocturnal blood pressure measurements obtained during the 1- &#40;&#42;&#41; or 12- &#40;&#42;&#41; month in Antarctica compared to baseline measurements&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Panel E &#40;DdU&#41; and F &#40;Concordia&#41;</span> represent the proportions of participants having normal &#40;Dippers&#41; or abnormal &#40;Non-Dippers&#41; day-to-night blood pressure reductions at the corresponding time points&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;05 in the proportion of Dippers to Non-Dippers within the same group when staying in Antarctica compared to baseline &#40;assessed by McNemar Tests of paired proportions&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0001"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0002"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spara003" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values are presented as means &#177; SE and were obtained from multivariable regression analyses&#46; All valid&#44; single measurements obtained during the three 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure sessions were included in the regression analyses &#40;a total of 4181 valid blood pressure measurements in 23 participants&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dumont D&#39;Urville Station &#40;20 m&#41;</td><a name="en0003"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordia Station &#40;3233 m&#41;</td><a name="en0004"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean difference in change between groups &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0005"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Exposure time&#44; months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0006"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0007"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0009"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0010"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0012"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 month vs&#46; baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0013"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">12 month vs&#46; baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0014"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Daytime SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44;&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0016"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0017"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;0&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">89&#46;7&#177;0&#46;5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">90&#46;6&#177;0&#46;5<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7&#46;0 &#40;&#8722;8&#46;2 to &#8722;5&#46;7&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0022"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#46;5 &#40;&#8722;7&#46;7 to &#8722;5&#46;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0023"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sleep-related outcomes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0024"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Time in bed&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0025"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">400&#177;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">436&#177;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">387&#177;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">434&#177;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">438&#177;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">458&#177;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;32 &#40;&#8722;109 to 45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;&#8722;22 to 95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TST&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">357&#177;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">391&#177;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">344&#177;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">358&#177;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">384&#177;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0039"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">408&#177;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0040"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;8 &#40;&#8722;88 to 72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0041"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;&#8722;5 to 133&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0042"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep onset latency&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0043"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">15&#177;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0044"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">15&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0045"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">15&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0046"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">32&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0047"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">19&#177;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">17&#177;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;&#8722;27 to 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;&#8722;30 to 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N1&#44; &#37;TST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;3&#177;0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;0&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;8&#177;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;9&#177;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;5&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;7&#177;0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9 &#40;&#8722;1&#46;5 to 3&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;3 &#40;&#8722;2&#46;2 to 2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N2&#44; &#37;TST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0061"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;4&#177;3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0062"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;7&#177;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0063"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;0&#177;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0064"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;0&#177;2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0065"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;6&#177;2&#46;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0066"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;6&#177;2&#46;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0067"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;2 to 16&#46;4&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0068"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;0 &#40;&#8722;3&#46;7 to 15&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0069"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N3&#44; &#37;TST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0070"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;2&#177;2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0071"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;0&#177;2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;6&#177;2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;4&#177;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;6&#177;2&#46;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;0&#177;2&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;5 &#40;&#8722;10&#46;3 to 7&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#46;7 &#40;&#8722;13&#46;4 to &#8722;0&#46;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>REM&#44; &#37;TST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0079"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;5&#177;2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0080"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;7&#177;1&#46;9<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;5&#177;1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;1&#177;2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;6&#177;1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;3&#177;1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7&#46;7 &#40;&#8722;16&#46;3 to 0&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0086"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;7 &#40;&#8722;10&#46;4 to 6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0087"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NREM&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">276&#177;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">272&#177;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">269&#177;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">262&#177;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">284&#177;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0093"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">310&#177;12<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0094"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;&#8722;37 to 89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;0 to 112&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Wake&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">44&#177;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">38&#177;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">42&#177;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">69&#177;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">56&#177;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">49&#177;7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7 &#40;&#8722;34 to 21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;18 &#40;&#8722;50 to 14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Awakenings&#44; number&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">22&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0107"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">17&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0108"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">19&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">21&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">23&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">22&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;1 to 14&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0113"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;&#8722;4 to 13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0114"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep Efficiency&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0115"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">89&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">91&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0117"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">90&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">84&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">86&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">89&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0121"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;6 to 7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;&#8722;3 to 13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>WASO&#44; min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">27&#177;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0125"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">19&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">17&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">33&#177;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0128"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">24&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0129"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">24&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1 &#40;&#8722;24 to 22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;22 to 25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0132"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Micro-Arousal Index&#44; 1&#47;h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0133"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;0&#177;1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;9&#177;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0135"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;1&#177;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0136"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;1&#177;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0137"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;1&#177;1&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0138"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;5&#177;1&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0139"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;1 &#40;1&#46;9 to 6&#46;4&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0140"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;7 to 9&#46;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0141"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">24-hour ambulatory blood pressure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0142"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">24&#160;h BP</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0143"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0144"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">114&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0145"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">111&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0146"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">115&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0147"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">117&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">119&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">115&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;3 to 8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2 &#40;&#8722;5 to 0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">74&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">71&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">75&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0156"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">76&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0157"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">79&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0158"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">77&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0159"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;4 to 9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0160"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;1 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0161"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0162"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">88&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0163"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">84&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0164"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">88&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0165"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">89&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0166"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">92&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0167"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">90&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0168"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;4 to 8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0169"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;&#8722;2 to 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0170"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0171"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0172"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0173"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0174"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0175"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0176"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0177"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;2 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0178"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1 &#40;&#8722;3 to 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0179"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0180"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0181"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">10&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0182"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0183"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0184"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0185"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0186"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;1 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0187"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;&#8722;2 to 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0188"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart rate&#44; bpm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0189"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">72&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0190"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">70&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0191"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">74&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0192"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">74&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0193"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">79&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0194"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">78&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0195"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;6 to 10&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0196"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;1 to 5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0197"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Day period</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0198"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0199"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">120&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0200"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">115&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0201"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">119&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0202"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">124&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0203"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">122&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0204"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">118&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0205"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;1 to 6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0206"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4 &#40;&#8722;7 to &#8722;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0207"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0208"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">79&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0209"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">75&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0210"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">78&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0211"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">82&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0212"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">83&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0213"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">79&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0214"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;4 to 8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0215"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1 &#40;&#8722;3 to 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0216"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0217"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">93&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0218"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">88&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0219"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">92&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0220"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">96&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0221"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">96&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0222"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">92&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0223"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3 to 7&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0224"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2 &#40;&#8722;4 to 0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0225"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0226"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0227"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0228"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">15&#177;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0229"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0230"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0231"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">14&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0232"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;&#8722;2 to 5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0233"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1 &#40;&#8722;4 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0234"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0235"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0236"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">10&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0237"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0238"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0239"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0240"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0241"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;&#8722;1 to 5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0242"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1 &#40;&#8722;4 to 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0243"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart rate&#44; bpm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0244"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">74&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0245"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">72&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0246"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">78&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0247"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">77&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0248"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">85&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0249"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">81&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0250"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;7 to 12&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0251"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;2 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0252"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Night period</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></td><a name="en0253"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0254"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0255"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">100&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0256"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">98&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0257"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">102&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0258"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">102&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0259"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">114&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0260"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">104&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0261"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;10 to 18&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0262"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;&#8722;4 to 5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0263"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0264"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">62&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0265"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">60&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0266"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">64&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0267"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">63&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0268"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">71&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0269"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">68&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0270"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;7 to 14&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0271"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0 to 7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0272"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean BP&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0273"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">75&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0274"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">72&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0275"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">77&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0276"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">76&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0277"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">85&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0278"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">80&#177;2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#35;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0279"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;9 to 15&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0280"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;&#8722;1 to 6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0281"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0282"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0283"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0284"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0285"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">14&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0286"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0287"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">13&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0288"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;&#8722;4 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0289"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;&#8722;4 to 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0290"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diastolic-SD&#44; mmHg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0291"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">12&#177;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0292"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">10&#177;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0293"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="top">10&#177;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb1fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8270;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0294"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Article information

ISSN: 25310437
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.02.012

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