Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 9-30 (January - February 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 9-30 (January - February 2006)
Artigo Original\Original Article
Open Access
Estudo Viriato: Actualização de dados de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias responsáveis por infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em Portugal em 2003 e 2004
The Viriato Study: Update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal in 2003 and 2004
Visits
5372
J. Melo-Cristino1, Letícia Santos1, Mário Ramirez1
1 Instituto de Microbiologia. Instituto de Medicina Molecular. Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa/Microbiology Institute. Molecular Medicine Institute Lisbon Medical School. Av. Prof Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa. Tel. 217999458. Fax. 217999459.
Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias 2
2 Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias/Portuguese Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Research Group: Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo: Sílvia Lozano; Centro Hospitalar de Cascais: Ana Fonseca, Adriana Coutinho; Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra: Ana Florinda Alves, Luís Albuquerque; Centro Hospitalar da Póvoa do Varzim/Vila do Conde: Fernando Fonseca; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia: Paulo Lopes, Ismália Calheiros, Luísa Felício, Lourdes Sobral; Hospital do Barlavento Algarvio: Teresa Vaz, Marília Gião; Hospital Central do Funchal: Teresa Afonso; Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa: Maria José Silvestre, Helena Peres, Teresa Pina; Hospital Distrital de Abrantes: Clotilde Roldão; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada: Eulália Carvalho; Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro: Elmano Ramalheira, Ana Margarida Paradela; Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa: Rosa M. Barros, Maria Isabel Peres; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada: José Diogo, Ana Rodrigues, Isabel Nascimento; Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos: Valquíria Alves, Antónia Read, Margarida Monteiro; Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisboa: Margarida Abecassis, Isilda Alves, Rita Pinto; Hospital dos S.A.M.S., Lisboa: Luísa Cabral, Olga Neto; Filipa Antunes; Hospital de Santa Luzia, Elvas: Ilse Fontes; Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa: Luís Lito, Maria Luís Fernandes, Maria José Salgado; Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa: Margarida Pinto, Hermínia Choon; Hospital de Santo António, Porto: Ana Paula Castro, Maria Helena Ramos, José Manuel Amorim; Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa: Filomena Martins, Maria Ana Pessanha, Elsa Gonçalves; Hospital de São João, Porto: Fernanda Cotta, J. Correia da Fonseca; Hospital de São José, Lisboa: Maria Odete Spencer, João Marques; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga: Maria Alberta Faustino, Adelaide Alves; Hospital de São Teotónio, Viseu: Isabel Marques, José Miguel Ribeiro; Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães: Ana Paula M. Vieira, Francisco B. Moniz; Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra: Rosa Velho, Rui Tomé, Celeste Pontes; Hospital de Vila Real: Ana Paula Castro; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto: Mª. Olinda Basílio, Mª da Graça Martins, Cristiana Pereira, Engrácia Raposo, Maria de Lurdes Magalhães, Helena Rocha.
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

O Estudo Viriato é um estudo nacional, prospectivo e multicêntrico, de vigilância da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias frequentemente responsáveis por infecções do aparelho respiratório adquiridas na comunidade. Nos anos de 2003 e 2004 participaram 29 laboratórios de todo o país. Isolaram-se 2945 microrganismos que foram estudados num laboratório coordenador. Das 513 estirpes de Streptococcus pyogenes de doentes com amigdalo-faringite aguda, todas eram susceptíveis à penicilina e outros antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, mas 18,9% eram resistentes à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina. Nas estirpes resistentes foi mais frequente o fenótipo M (67,0%) que confere resistência à eritromicina (CIM90=16mg/L), claritromicina e azitromicina, mas susceptibilidade à clindamicina (CIM90=0,094mg/L). De doentes com infecção do aparelho respiratório inferior estudaram-se 1300 estirpes de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos), 829 de Haemophilus influenzae e 303 de Moraxella catarrhalis. Em S. pneumoniae, 18,4% das estirpes eram resistentes à penicilina (3,5% com resistência elevada), 7,1% à cefuroxima, 0,5% à amoxicilina, 0,5% à amoxicilina/clavulanato, 18,8% à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina, 14,5 % à tetraciclina, 16,5% ao cotrimoxazol e 0,4% à levofloxacina. Nas estirpes resistentes aos macrólidos, dominou o fenótipo MLSB (83,7%), caracterizado por resistência elevada (CIM90 >256mg/L) à eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina e clindamicina. Produziam beta-lactamase 10,0% de H. influenzae e 96,4% de M. catarrhalis. Em H. influenzae demonstrou-se 5,5% de resistência à claritromicina e 13,4% ao cotrimoxazol. A quase totalidade das estirpes era susceptível à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, azitromicina, tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina. Em M. catarrhalis a resistência ao co-trimoxazol foi de 27,1% e à tetraciclina de 1,0%. Todas as estirpes eram susceptíveis à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, claritromicina, azitromicina e ciprofloxacina. De entre o conjunto de antibióticos ensaiado, a penicilina continua a ser o mais activo contra S. pyogenes e a amoxicilina / clavulanato e as quinolonas os mais activos simultaneamente contra S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae e M. catarrhalis.

Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (1): 9-29

Palavras-chave:
Portugal
Estudo Viriato
infecção respiratória
comunidade
2003
2004
susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Abstract

The Viriato Study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal. In 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. Testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. Of the 513 Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penicillin and other beta-lactams but 18.9% were resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. The M phenotype dominated (67%), conferring resistance to erythromycin (MIC90=16mg/L), clarythromycin and azithromycin, but susceptibility to clindamycin (MIC90=0.094mg/L). From patients with lower respiratory tract infection 1,300 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 829 of Haemophilus influenzae, and 303 of Moraxella catarrhalis were studied. Among S. pneumoniae isolates 18.4% were resistant to penicillin (3.5% showing high-level resistance), 7.1% to cefuroxime, 0.5% to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanate, 18.8% to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin, 14.9% to tetracycline, 16.5% to co-trimoxazol, and 0.4% to levofloxacin. Beta-lactamases were produced by 10.0% of H. influenzae and 96.4% of M. catarrhalis. In H. influenzae resistance to clarithromycin was 5.5% and to cotrimoxazole was 13.4%. Most strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, azithromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. In M. catarrhalis resistance to co-trimoxazole was 27.1% and to tetracycline 1.0%. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Penicillin was the most active antimicrobial agent against S. pyogenes and amoxycillin / clavulanate and the quinolones the most active in vitro simultaneously against S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M. catarrhalis.

Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (1): 9-29

Key-words:
Portugal
Viriato Study
respiratory tract infections
community
2003
2004
antimicrobial resistance
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia/Bibliography
[1.]
J. Melo-Cristino, M.L. Fernandes, N. Serrano.
and The Portuguese Surveillance Group For The Study Of Respiratory Pathogens. A multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in 1999 in Portugal.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 7 (2001), pp. 33-37
[2.]
J. Melo-Cristino, M.L. Fernandes, N. Serrano.
e o Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias. Susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Moraxella catarrhalis de infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em 2000.
Acta Médica Portuguesa, 14 (2001), pp. 459-468
[3.]
J. Melo-Cristino, N. Serrano.
e o Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias. Estudo Viriato: Actualização de dados de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias responsáveis por infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em Portugal em 2001 e 2002.
Rev Port Pneumol, 9 (2003), pp. 293-310
[4.]
R.C. Bartlett, M. Mazens-Sullivan, J.Z. Tetreault, S. Lobel, J. Nivard.
Evolving approaches to management of quality in clinical microbiology.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 7 (1994), pp. 55-88
[5.]
J. Barenfanger.
Improving the clinical utility of microbiology data: An update.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, 25 (2003), pp. 1-8
[6.]
National Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standards.
Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing - Fourteenth Informational Supplement, 24 (2004),
[7.]
J. Melo-Cristino.
Fernandes Ml and The Portuguese Surveillance Group for the Study of Respiratory Pathogens. Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Portugal: Macrolide resistance phenotypes and correlation with T types.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 5 (1999), pp. 219-225
[8.]
A.L. Bisno, M.A. Gerber, J.M. Gwaltney Jr., E.L. Kaplan, R.H. Schwartz.
Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharingitis: A practice guideline.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 25 (1997), pp. 574-583
[9.]
C. Silva-Costa, M. Ramirez, J. Melo-Cristino.
and The Portuguese Surveillance Group for the Study of Respiratory Pathogens. Rapid inversion of the prevalences of macrolide resistance phenotypes paralleled by a diversification of T and emm types among Streptococcus pyogenes in Portugal.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49 (2005), pp. 2109-2111
[10.]
S. Albertí, C. Garcia-Rey.
Dominguez Ma, Aguilar L, Cercenado E, Gobernado M, Garcia-Perea A, and The Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens. Survey of emm gene sequences from pharyngeal Streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected in Spain and their relationship with erythromycin susceptibility.
J Clin Microbiol, 41 (2003), pp. 2385-2390
[11.]
M.V. Vaz Pato, C.B. Carvalho, A. Tomasz.
and The Multicenter Study Group. Antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Portugal. A multicenter study between 1989 and 1993.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 1 (1995), pp. 59-69
[12.]
I. Serrano, M. Ramirez.
The Portuguese Surveillance Group for the Study of Respiratory Pathogens And Melo-Cristino J. Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Portugal: implications for vaccination and antimicrobial therapy.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 10 (2004), pp. 652-656
[13.]
I. Serrano, J. Melo-Cristino, J. Carriço, M. Ramirez.
Characterization of the genetic lineages responsible for pneumococcal invasive disease in Portugal.
J Clin Microbiol, 43 (2005), pp. 1706-1715
[14.]
J.D. Heffelfinger, S.W. Dowell, J.H. Jorgensen, K.P. Klugman, L.R. Mabry, D.M. Musher, J.F. Plouffe, A. Rakowsky, A. Schuchat, C.G. Whitney.
Drug-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance. A report from the drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae working group.
Archives of Internal Medicine, 160 (2000), pp. 1399-1408
[15.]
J. Melo-Cristino, M. Ramirez, N. Serrano, T. Hänscheid.
The Portuguese Surveillance Group for the Study of Respiratory Pathogens. Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Portugal: Results of a 3-year (1999-2001) multicenter surveillance study.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 9 (2003), pp. 73-80
[16.]
M.P. Bajanca-Lavado, I. Casin, M.V. Vaz Pato.
The Multicentre Study Group. Antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological study of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in Portugal.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 38 (1996), pp. 615-625
[17.]
C.M. Verduin, C. Hol, A. Fleer, H. Van Dijk, A. Van Belkum.
Moraxella catarrhalis: from emerging to established pathogen.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 15 (2002), pp. 125-144
Copyright © 2006. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?