Article information
Abstract
The introduction of routine vaccination against Bordetella pertussis led to a drastic decline in the number of reported cases of pertussis. Nevertheless, a gradual increase in pertussis notifications has been observed in the last years, and political vaccination changes have been conducted in some countries. Pertussis epidemiology is reviewed, taking into account mathematical models studies concerning new vaccinal strategies for pertussis prevention and new international recommendations. Regarding Portugal, the need for a “booster” in adolescence is emphasized, and other recommendations for pertussis control are suggested.
Key-words:
Bordetella pertussis
pertussis
vaccination
Portugal
mathematical models
Resumo
A introdução da vacina antipertussis nos programas de vacinação originou uma diminuição drástica da incidência de tosse convulsa no mundo. No entanto, nos últimos anos tem-se observado um aumento gradual do número de notificações, facto que já levou vários países a reformularem estratégias vacinais para esta doença. Foi efectuada uma revisão epidemiológica da tosse convulsa, realçando estudos baseados em modelos matemáticos que tentam prever o impacto de novas estratégias vacinais e novas recomendações internacionais. Tendo em conta a realidade portuguesa, alerta-se para a necessidade de um reforço vacinal na idade da adolescência e sugerem-se outras recomendações para um melhor controlo da tosse convulsa no nosso país.
Palavras-chave:
Tosse convulsa
coqueluche
Bordetella pertussis
vacinação
modelos matemáticos
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliography/Bibliografia
[1.]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Pertussis – United States January 1992–June 1995.
MMWR, 44 (1995), pp. 525-529
[2.]
C.R. Vitek, F.B. Pascual, A.L. Baughman, T.V. Murphy.
Increase in deaths from pertussis among young infants in the United States in the 1990s.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 22 (2003), pp. 628-634
[3.]
World Health Organization. WHO position paper on pertussis (January 2005). (www.who.int/) Accessed June 2009.
[4.]
Q. He, M.K. Viljanen, S. Nikkari, R. Lyytikainen, J. Mertsola.
Outcomes of Bordetella pertussis infection in different age groups of an immunized population.
J Infect Dis, 170 (1994), pp. 873-877
[5.]
D. Jenkinson.
Duration of effectiveness of pertussis vaccine: evidence from a 10 year community study.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 296 (1988), pp. 612-614
[6.]
N. Khetsuriani, K. Bisgard, D.R. Prevots, M. Brennan, M. Wharton, S. Pandya, et al.
Pertussis outbreak in an elementary school with high vaccination coverage.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 20 (2001), pp. 1108-1112
[7.]
A.M. Kapaskelis, E.K. Vouloumanou, E.K. Rafailidis, P. Hatzoupoulou, D. Nikita, M.E. Falagas.
High prevalence of antibody titers against Bordetella pertussis in an adult population with prolonged cough.
Resp Med, 102 (2008), pp. 1586-1591
[8.]
P. Strebel, J. Nordin, K. Edwards.
Population based incidence of pertussis among adolescents and adults Minnesota 1995–1996.
J Infect Dis, 183 (2001), pp. 1353-1359
[9.]
M. Knuf, H.J. Schmitt, J. Wolter, L. Schuerman, J.M. Jacquet, D. Kieninger, C.A. Siegrist, F. Zepp.
Neonatal vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccine accelerates the acquisition of pertussis antibodies in infants.
J Pediatr, 152 (2008), pp. 655-660
[10.]
R.M.M.R. Anderson.
Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control.
Oxford Science Publications, (1991),
[11.]
J.D. Cherry.
The science and fiction of the “resurgence” of pertussis.
Pediatrics, 112 (2003), pp. 405-406
[12.]
M.D. KM Edwards, E.A. Mortimer Jr..
Pertussis vaccine.
3rd, W.B. Saunders, (1999),
[14.]
B. Ntezayabo, G. De Serres, B. Duval.
Pertussis resurgence in Canada largely caused by a cohort effect.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 22 (2003), pp. 22-27
[15.]
F.R. Mooi, I.H. van Loo, A.J. King.
Adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccination: a cause for its reemergence?.
Emerg Infect Dis, 7 (2001), pp. 526-528
[16.]
E. Njamkepo, F. Rimlinger, S. Thiberge, N. Guiso.
Thirty-five years’ experience with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine in France: vaccine strains analysis and immunogenicity.
Vaccine, 20 (2002), pp. 1290-1294
[17.]
H.O. Hallander, A. Advani, D. Donnelly, L. Gustafsson, R.M. Carlsson.
Shifts of Bordetella pertussis variants in Sweden from 1970 to 2003, during three periods marked by different vaccination programs.
J Clin Microbiol, 43 (2005), pp. 2856-2865
[18.]
H. Broutin, J.F. Guegan, E. Elguero, F. Simondon, B. Cazelles.
Large-scale comparative analysis of pertussis population dynamics: periodicity, synchrony, and impact of vaccination.
Am J Epidemiol, 161 (2005), pp. 1159-1167
[19.]
M. Tanaka, C.R. Vitek, F.B. Pascual, K.M. Bisgard, J.E. Tate, T.V. Murphy.
Trends in pertussis among infants in the United States, 1980–1999.
Jama, 290 (2003), pp. 2968-2975
[20.]
C.H. Wirsing von Konig, S. Postels-Multani, H.L. Bock, H.J. Schmitt.
Pertussis in adults: frequency of transmission after household exposure.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 1326-1329
[21.]
J.W. Bass, R.R. Wittler.
Return of epidemic pertussis in the United States.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 13 (1994), pp. 343-345
[22.]
S.A. Halperin, B. Smith, M. Russell, P. Hasselback, R. Guasparini, D. Skowronski, et al.
An adult formulation of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults.
Vaccine, 18 (2000), pp. 1312-1319
[25.]
K.M. Edwards.
Is pertussis a frequent cause of cough in adolescents and adults? Should routine pertussis immunization be recommended?.
Clin Infect Dis, 32 (2001), pp. 1698-1699
[26.]
A. Van Rie, H.W. Hethcote.
Adolescent and adult pertussis vaccination: computer simulations of five new strategies.
Vaccine, 22 (2004), pp. 3154-3165
[27.]
T. Tomoda HOaTK.
Two primary doses of diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine induce immunological responses to Bordetella pertussis as strong as those induced by three primary doses.
Vaccine, 15 (1997), pp. 1955-1958
[28.]
H.W. Hethcote, P. Horby, P. McIntyre.
Using computer simulations to compare pertussis vaccination strategies in Australia.
Vaccine, 22 (2004), pp. 2181-2191
[29.]
S. Salmaso, P. Mastrantonio, A.E. Tozzi, P. Stefanelli, A. Anemona, M.L. Ciofi degli Atti, et al.
Sustained efficacy during the first 6 years of life of 3-component acellular pertussis vaccines administered in infancy: the Italian experience.
Pediatrics, 108 (2001), pp. E81
[30.]
P.M. Luz, C.T. Codeco, G.L. Werneck, C.J. Struchiner.
A modelling analysis of pertussis transmission and vaccination in Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil. Epidemiol Infect, 134 (2006), pp. 850-862
[31.]
K.D. Forsyth, M. Campins-Marti, J. Caro, J.D. Cherry, D. Greenberg, N. Guiso, et al.
New pertussis vaccination strategies beyond infancy: recommendations by the global pertussis initiative.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 1802-1809
[32.]
K.D. Forsyth, C.H. Wirsing von Konig, T. Tan, J. Caro, S. Plotkin.
Prevention of pertussis: recommendations derived from the second Global Pertussis Initiative roundtable meeting.
Vaccine, 25 (2007), pp. 2634-2642
[33.]
Ministério da Saúde, Portugal. Direcção-Geral de Saude. Circular Normativa n.° 08/DT de 21.12.2005. Plano Nacional de Vacinação 2006 (Orientações técnicas n.° 10) Accessed June 2009.(www.dgs.pt/).
[34.]
S.A. Halperin, B. Smith, M. Russell, D. Scheifele, E. Mills, P. Hasselback, et al.
Adult formulation of a five component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and inactivated poliovirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19 (2000), pp. 276-283
[35.]
J.E. Schmidt, A.E. Tozzi, L. Rava, S. Glismann.
The EUVAC-NET survey: national pertussis surveillance systems in the European Union, Switzerland Norway, and Iceland.
Euro Surveill, 6 (2001), pp. 98-104
[36.]
M.C. Gomes, J.J. Gomes, A.C. Paulo.
Diphtheria, pertussis, and measles in Portugal before and after mass vaccination: a time series analysis.
Eur J Epidemiol, 15 (1999), pp. 791-798
[37.]
N. Guerin, C. Roure.
Immunisation coverage in the European Union.
Euro Surveill, 2 (1997), pp. 2-4
[38.]
G. Goncalves, E. Machado, E. Gouveia, M.A. Santos, L. Castro, R. Aguas, et al.
Resurgence of pertussis in northern Portugal: two severe cases in very young children.
Euro Surveill, 10 (2005),
[39.]
Ministério da Saúde, Portugal. Direcção de Serviços de Epidemiologia e Estatisticas da Saúde. Doenças de Declaração Obrigatória. 2008, Lisboa. Accessed June 2009.(www.dgs.pt/)
[40.]
K.W. Purdy, J.W. Hay, M.F. Botteman, J.I. Ward.
Evaluation of strategies for use of acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents and adults: a cost-benefit analysis.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 20-28
Copyright © 2010. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
