Journal Information
Vol. 15. Issue 6.
Pages 1043-1071 (November - December 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 15. Issue 6.
Pages 1043-1071 (November - December 2009)
Full text access
Respiratory support strategies for the preterm newborn – National survey 2008
Estratégias de suporte ventilatório no recém-nascido pré-termo – Inquérito nacional (2008)
Visits
968
Gustavo Rocha
,1,
Corresponding author
gusrocha@oninet.pt

Correspondence to/Correspondência: Serviço de Neonatologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de São João, Piso 2, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4202-451 Porto, Telefone: 225512100, extensão/extension 1949, Fax: +225512273.
, Joana Saldanha
,2
, Israel Macedo
,3
, Augusta Areias
,4
¿ Comissão de Investigação Científica da Secção de Neonatologia da Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria/Portuguese Society of Paediatrics Neonatology Section Scientific Research Committee
1. Serviço de Neonatologia, Hospital de São João, Porto/Neonatal Unit, Hospital de São João, Porto
2. Unidade de Neonatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa/Neonatal Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
3. Unidade de Neonatologia, Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, Lisboa/Neonatal Unit, Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, Lisboa
4. Unidade de Neonatologia, Maternidade Júlio Dinis, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto/Neonatal Unit, Maternidade Júlio Dinis, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Background

Respiratory support strategies for the preterm newborn have been the subject of intense research.

Aim

To survey neonatal respiratory support practices in Portugal and to determine whether they reflect evidence from randomised trials.

Methods

Questionnaires were given out to 31 Portuguese neonatal units to determine the types of ventilators, modes of ventilation, lung function monitoring, use of exogenous surfactant, oxygen saturation levels used and the prevalence of chronic lung disease in the preterm newborn.

Results

There was a 94% response rate. Draeger babylog was the most frequently used ventilator in neonates. Twelve (41%) units prefer to use early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) whenever possible. Triggered ventilation is the choice of invasive ventilation in 24 (83%) units (SIMV, SIPPV, PSV); four (14%) units have high frequency oscillation ventilation. SIMV is the most frequent (n=13, 45%) weaning mode. Exogenous surfactant is used as prophylactic in 12 (41%) units. All units use lung function measurements to aid choice of ventilator settings and five (17%) units monitor PaCO2 (transcutaneous = 3; capnometry = 2). Seventeen (59%) units allow oxygen saturation levels from 90% to 95% in infants with respiratory distress syndrome and 15 (52%) levels from 85% to 90% in infants with chronic lung disease. Prevalence of chronic lung disease of prematurity ranged from 0% to 75% (median: 10).

Conclusions

Many respiratory strategies for extremely low birth weight infants reflect the result of large randomised trials. More effective methods may be required to encourage the use of early NCPAP preferably with binasal prongs, the use of SIPPV as the main weaning mode, the use of volume targeted ventilation and a more judicious use of exogenous surfactant in order to ensure evidence–based practice.

Key-words:
Newborn
ventilation
chronic lung disease of prematurity
respiratory distress syndrome
oxygen saturation
Resumo
Introdução

As estratégias de suporte ventilatório utilizadas no recém-nascido têm sido motivo de grande investigação.

Objectivos

Avaliar as práticas de suporte ventilatório nas unidades de neonatologia nacionais utilizadas na assistência ao recém-nascido de extremo baixo peso e avaliar se estão em conformidade com a prática baseada na evidência.

Métodos

Foi enviado, por via electrónica, a 31 unidades de neonatologia nacionais, um inquérito sobre tipos de ventiladores, modos de ventilação, monitorização da função pulmonar, valores de saturação de oxigénio permitidos e prevalência de doença pulmonar crónica da prematuridade.

Resultados

A percentagem de resposta foi de 94%. O modelo de ventilador Draeger Babylog é o mais utilizado. Doze (41%) unidades preconizam o NCPAP precoce. A ventilação sincronizada é de eleição em 24 (83%) unidades (SIMV, SIPPV, PSV) e 4 (14%) têm possibilidade de ventilação por alta frequência oscilatória. O modo ventilatório SIMV é o mais utilizado (n=13, 45%) no “desmame” ventilatório. O surfactante exógeno é usado preferencialmente de modo profiláctico em 12 (41%) unidades. Todas as unidades usam valores de função respiratória no ajuste dos parâmetros ventilatórios e cinco (17%) utilizam monitorização contínua da PaCO2: medição transcutânea = 3; capnometria = 2. Dezassete (59%) unidades utilizam valores de saturação de oxigénio de 90%–95% na doença das membranas hialinas e 15 (52%) utilizam valores de 85%–90% na doença pulmonar crónica da prematuridade. A prevalência de doença pulmonar crónica da prematuridade variou entre os 0% e os 75% (mediana: 10).

Conclusão

As estratégias de suporte ventilatório usadas nas unidades portuguesas reflectem, em parte, a evidência de estudos multicêntricos aleatorizados. É necessário mais investimento no uso de NCPAP precoce, preferencialmente com prongs binasal, uso do modo SIPPV no “desmame” ventilatório, uso de estratégias ventilatórias com volumes correntes optimizados e utilização criteriosa de surfactante exógeno, de modo a assegurar a prática baseada na evidência.

Palavras-chave:
Recém-nascido
ventilação
doença pulmonar crónica da prematuridade
doença das membranas hialinas
saturação de oxigénio
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliography/Bibliografia
[1.]
M.E. Avery, J. Mead.
Surface properties in relation to atelectasia and hyaline membrane disease.
Am J Dis Child, 17 (1959), pp. 517-523
[2.]
T. Fujiwara, H. Maeta, S. Chida, T. Morita, Y. Watabe, T. Abe.
Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline membrane disease.
Lancet, (1980), pp. 55-59
[3.]
J.P. Goldsmith, E.H. Karotkin.
Introduction to assisted ventilation.
Assisted ventilation of the neonate, fourth edition., pp. 1-14
[4.]
G.C. Liggins, R.N. Howie.
A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
Pediatrics, 50 (1972), pp. 515-525
[5.]
W.J.R. Daily, P.C. Smith.
Mechanical ventilation of the newborn infant: I.
Curr Probl Pediatr, 1 (1971), pp. 1-37
[6.]
I. Donald, J. Lord.
Augmented respiration. Studies in atelectasis neonatorum.
Lancet, 1 (1953), pp. 9-17
[7.]
J.M. Lorenz.
The outcome of extreme prematurity.
Semin Perinatol, 25 (2001), pp. 348-359
[8.]
A.H. Johnson, J.L. Peacock, A. Greenough, N. Marlow, E.S. Limb, L. Marston, for the United Kingdom Oscillation Study Group, et al.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity.
N Engl J Med, 347 (2002), pp. 633-642
[9.]
A. Greenough, G. Dimitriou, M. Prendergast, A. Milner.
Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 23 (2008),
[10.]
N. McCallion, P.G. Davis, C.J. Morley.
Volumetargeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2005),
[11.]
D.J. Henderson-Smart, F. Cools, T. Bhuta, M. Offringa.
Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants.
Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 18 (2007),
[12.]
A.G. De Paoli, P.G. Davis, B. Faber, C.J. Morley.
Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates.
Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 23 (2008),
[13.]
T. Jacobsen, J. Gronvall, S. Petersen, G.E. Andersen.
Minitouch treatment of very low birthweight infants.
Acta Paediatr, 82 (1993), pp. 934-938
[14.]
P. Subramaniam, D. Henderson-Smart, P.J. Davis.
Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway ressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants.
The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 20 (2005),
[15.]
M. Vanpee, U. Walfridsson-Schultz, M. Katz-Salamon, J.A. Zupanicic, D. Pursley, B. Jonsson.
Resuscitation and ventilation strategies for extremely preterm infants: a comparison study between two neonatal centers in Boston and Stockholm.
Acta Paediatr, 96 (2007), pp. 10-16
[16.]
H. Aly, A.N. Massaro, K. Patel, A.A. El-Mohandes.
Is it safer to intubate premature infants in the delivery room?.
Pediatrics, 115 (2005), pp. 1660-1665
[17.]
J.H. Baumer.
International randomised controlled trial of patient triggered ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Arch Dis Child, 82 (2000), pp. F5-F10
[18.]
M.W. Beresford, N.J. Shaw, D. Manning.
Randomised controlled trial of patient triggered and conventional fast rate ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Arch Dis Child, 82 (2000), pp. F14-F18
[19.]
J.-Y. Chen, U.-P. Ling, J-H. Chen.
Comparison of synchronized and conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation in neonates.
Acta Paed Japon, 39 (1997), pp. 578-583
[20.]
G. Bernstein, F.L. Mannino, G.P. Heldt, J.D. Callahan, D.H. Bull, A. Sola, et al.
Randomized multicenter trial comparing synchronized and conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation in neonates.
J Pediatrics, 128 (1996), pp. 453-463
[21.]
S.M. Donn, J.J. Nicks, M.A. Becker.
Flow-synchronized ventilation of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
J Perinatol, 14 (1994), pp. 90-94
[22.]
V. Chan, A. Greenough.
Randomised controlled trial of weaning by patient triggered ventilation or conventional ventilation.
Eur J Ped, 152 (1993), pp. 51-54
[23.]
V. Chan, A. Greenough.
Comparison of weaning by patient triggered ventilation or synchronous mandatory intermittent ventilation.
Acta Paediatrica, 83 (1994), pp. 335-337
[24a e 24b.]
G. Dimitriou, A. Greenough, F.J. Giffin, V. Chan.
Synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation modes versus patient triggered ventilation during weaning.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 72 (1995), pp. F188-F190
[25.]
J.C. Roze, J.M. Liet, V. Gournay, T. Debillon, C. Gaultier.
Oxygen cost of breathing and weaning process in newborn infants.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 2583-2585
[26.]
Z.C. Reyes, N. Claure, M.K. Tauscher, C. D'Ugard, S. Vanbuskirk, E. Bancalari.
Randomised controlled trial comparing synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support in preterm infants.
Pediatrics, 118 (2006), pp. 1409-1417
[27.]
B.R. Wood.
Physiologic Principles.
Assisted ventilation of the neonate, fourth edition., pp. 15-40
[28.]
M. Keszler, K. Abubakar.
Volume guarantee: stability of tidal volume and incidence of hypocarbia.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 38 (2004), pp. 240-245
[29.]
G. Lista, M. Colnaghi, F. Castoldi, V. Condo, R. Reali, G. Compagnoni, et al.
Impact of targeted-volume ventilation on lung inflammatory response in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Pediatr Pulmonol, 37 (2004), pp. 510-514
[30.]
A. Piotrowski, W. Sobala, P. Kawczynski.
Patient-initiated, pressure regulated, volume-controlled ventilation compared with intermittent mandatory ventilation in neonates: a prospective, randomised study.
Intensive Care Med, 23 (1997), pp. 975-981
[31.]
S. Sinha, S. Donn, J. Gavey, M. McCarty.
Randomised trial of volume controlled versus time cycled, pressure limited ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal, 77 (1997), pp. F202-F205
[32.]
HIFO Study Group.
Randomised study of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants with severe respiratory distress.
J Pediatr, 122 (1993), pp. 609-619
[33.]
A.H. Jobe.
Surfactant: The basis for clinical treatment strategies.
The Newborn lung. Neonatology Questions, Controversies, pp. 73-98
[34.]
R.F. Soll, C. Morley.
Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The Cochrane Library, Issue 2.
Update Software, (2001),
[35.]
J.D. Horbar, J.H. Carpenter, J. Buzas, R.F. Soll, G. Suresh, M.B. Bracken, et al.
Collaborative quality improvement to promote evidence based surfactant for preterm infants: a cluster randomised trial.
Br Med J, 329 (2004), pp. 1004
[36.]
G. Rocha, A. Rocha, F. Clemente, B. Guedes, M. Tavares, H. Guimarães.
Valor limitado da capnometria em cuidados intensivos neonatais.
Acta Ped Port, 33 (2002), pp. 329-333
[37.]
Y.R. Bhat, N. Abhishek.
Mainstream end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in ventilated neonates.
Singapore Med J, 49 (2008), pp. 199-203
[38.]
T. Gerhardt, N. Claure, E. Bancalari.
Role of pulmonary function testing in the management of neonates on mechanical ventilation.
The newborn lung. Neonatology questions and controversies, First edition, pp. 419-445
[39.]
A. Castillo, A. Sola, H. Baquero, F. Neira, R. Alvis, R. Deulofeut, et al.
Pulse oxygen saturation levels and arterial oxygen tension values in newborns receiving oxygen therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit: is 85% to 93% an acceptable range?.
Pediatrics, 121 (2008), pp. 882-889
[40.]
L.M. Askie, D.J. Henderson-Smart, L. Irwing, J.M. Simpson.
Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
N Engl J Med, 349 (2003), pp. 959-967
Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?