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RESUMO
A epidemiologia do cancro do pulmão mudou em vários países nos últimos anos.
No século XIX o cancro do pulmão era raro, mas a sua incidência aumentou drasticamente durante o século XX e é previsível que continue a aumentar no início do século XXI.
Actualmente, as taxas de incidência e mortalidade do cancro do pulmão são maiores nos países desenvolvidos, especialmente EUA e Europa, tendo-se verificado aumento de incidência na mulher. Estas diferenças geográficas e entre os sexos estão largamente relacionadas com os hábitos tabágicos.
As mulheres começam a fumar mais precocemente e têm mais dificuldade na desabituação tabágica, por problemas relacionados com o controlo de peso; apresentam uma susceptibilidade maior aos carcinogéneos, tendo um risco de cancro do pulmão 1,5 vezes superior ao homem com os mesmos hábitos tabágicos. O adenocarcinoma é o tipo histológico mais frequente nos jovens, nas mulheres em todas as idades e nos não fumadores.
Vários factores desde tabaco, poluição doméstica e profissional, nutricional doenças associadas, até factores genéticos e hormonais, têm sido investigados no sentido de definir a sua influência no desenvolvimento de cancro do pulmão na mulher.
Quem trata este tipo de patologia vê-se ainda confrontado com inúmeras questões que se relacionam com a sua especificidade do sexo feminino. A literatura sobre este tema é no entanto vaga.
REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (3): 225-247
Palavras-chave:
Cancro do pulmão
mulher
epidemiologia
tratamento
ABSTRACT
The epidemiology of lung cancer has changed in the last years in several countries all over the world. In the 19th century, the lung cancer was rare but it incidence increase drastically during the 20th century, and the tendency is to continue in the 20th century. Actually the lung cancer’s incidence and mortality are higher in the developed countries, especially in Europe and Unites States of America, with a increasing in the women incidence. These geographic differences and gender differences are related with smoking habits.
Women begin to smoke earlier and have more difficulty to stop, because of problems related with obesity; they have more sensibility to the carcinogens and the risk of lung cancer is 1,5 times higher than the men with the same habits.
Adenocarcinoma is the more frequent histological type in young people, in the total of the women and in non-smokers.
Many factors since tobacco, home and professional pollution, nutritional, associated diseases even genetic and hormonal factors have been investigated to define its influence in development in women lung cancer.
It specificity in women with lung cancer is the comum problem for the medical people to treat this disease (pathology).The literature about this problem is not clear, and is necessary to advance with many studies in this arca with the objective to clarify this important question.
REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (3): 225-247
Key-words:
Lung Cancer
women
epidemiology
treatment
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