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Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 117-131 (January - February 2010)
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Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 117-131 (January - February 2010)
Artigo de Revisão/Review Article
Open Access
Aderência ao tratamento da asma
Asthma treatment adherence
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André Filipe dos Santos Gonçalves1,
Corresponding author
and_go_@hotmail.com

Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Director: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques Lopes, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
1 Estudante do 6.º ano do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto/6th year medical student
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Resumo

A asma é uma doença crónica muito prevalente na população, caracterizada por obstrução reversível das vias respiratórias. Vários estudos mostraram que há um controlo inadequado da doença, e uma das principais razões para isso é a falta de aderência à terapêutica. A não aderência à terapêutica pode ser não intencional ou intencional, e as causas podem ser intrínsecas às motivações, crenças e conhecimentos dos doentes, ou inerentes ao próprio tratamento.

As razões para a não aderência são: não compreensão dos objectivos da terapêutica; não compreensão da gravidade da doença; medo relacionado com o uso dos fármacos; factores psicológicos, como depressão; complexidade dos esquemas terapêuticos; e dificuldades associadas às vias de administração, principalmente a inalatória.

Reconhecendo estes factores como causa de não aderência, há estratégias que devem ser consideradas: estabelecer uma boa comunicação médico-doente; educar sobre a asma; planear o seguimento médico regular; simplificar o esquema terapêutico.

A promoção da aderência ao tratamento da asma é importante para conseguir um melhor controlo da doença, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida ao doente e, simultaneamente, redução dos custos associados à doença.

Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1): 117-131

Palavras-chave:
Asma
tratamento
aderência
Abstract

Asthma is a very prevalent chronic disease in the general population, characterized by reversible obstruction of respiratory airways. Multiple studies demonstrate an improper control of the disease, and one of the main reasons for that is reduced adherence to treatment. Non-adherence can be classified as nonintentional or intentional, and the causes can be related to the motivations, beliefs and knowledge of the patient or due to the therapeutic regimen.

The reasons for non-adherence are non-comprehension of the treatment goals; non-comprehension of disease severity; fears related to drugs; psychological conditions such as depression; complexity of treatment regimen; difficulties with administration route, mainly inhaler.

After recognizing these issues as cause of non-adherence, different approaches should be considered: set up a good physician-patient communication; promote asthma education; schedule regular appointments; simplify therapeutic regimen.

It is important to promote adherence to achieve a good asthma control, and consequently a better quality of life and reduction of asthma associated costs.

Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1): 117-131

Key-words:
Asthma
treatment
adherence
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