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Vol. 10. Issue 5.
Pages 405-419 (September - October 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 5.
Pages 405-419 (September - October 2004)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO/REVISION ARTICLE
Open Access
Asma e gravidez – eficácia e segurança da medicação durante a gravidez
Asthma and pregnancy – efficacy and safety of medication during pregnancy
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Maria da Graça Freitas1, Ana Cristina Duarte2
1 Especialista em Pneumologia - Hospital CUF Descobertas
2 Assistente Hospitalar do Hospital José Fernandes – Beja
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RESUMO

A asma é um dos problemas médicos que mais frequentemente complica a gravidez, com uma prevalência que se estima entre 4 a 7 %. O curso da asma durante a gravidez é variável, verificando-se um agravamento dos sintomas em cerca de um terço das grávidas. O período mais crítico situa-se entre a 24.ª e a 36.ª semanas. Após o parto, a tendência é para a remissão dos sintomas nos três meses seguintes, sendo de esperar nas sucessivas gravidezes um padrão de comportamento idêntico. O controlo da asma durante a gravidez baseia-se na educação da grávida e na prescrição de uma medicação segura, preferencialmente por via inalatória, que previna o aparecimento das crises. Na asma crónica, os fármacos actualmente existentes — corticóides inalados — previnem de forma eficaz o aparecimento das crises de asma, sem riscos para o feto (beclometasona e budesonido). Aos corticóides inalados existe uma sucessão de fármacos a associar — broncodilatadores agonistas beta de acção curta ou retardada — de acordo com o grau de obstrução brônquica existente e frequência das crises. No tratamento farmacológico da asma aguda, as recomendações terapêuticas não devem ser subestimadas, pois numa asma não controlada aumenta o risco de aparecimento de complicações (aumento da incidência de baixo peso e prematuros) em número superior ao eventual risco de uma medicação.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (5): 405-419

Palavras-chave:
Asma
gravidez
farmacoterapia
ABSTRACT

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common medical problems in pregnancy, with prevalance around 4-7 %. Asthma clinical course is variable, with worsening of symptoms in one third of the cases. The most critical period occurs between the 24th and 36th week of gestation. Symptoms usually regress completely after delivery during the following three months and they are expected to recur, with the same pattern, in subsequent pregnancies. Asthma control during pregnancy depends on pregnant patient education and safe medication, preferably inhaled, that prevents crises. In chronic asthma, usually prescribed drugs (inhaled corticosteroids: beclometasone and budesonide) are effective and safe to the fetus. There are several drugs to be added to inhaled steroids - beta agonists bronchodilators: short and long acting – according to the severity of bronchial constriction and frequency of crises. Treatment of acute asthma should follow recommended guidelines, since uncontrolled asthma increases more the risk of pregnancy complications (low birth weight and premature delivery) than the eventual medication risks to pregnancy.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (5): 405-419

Key-words:
Asthma
pregnancy
pharmacotherapy
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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