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Vol. 7. Issue 6.
Pages 455-462 (November - December 2001)
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Vol. 7. Issue 6.
Pages 455-462 (November - December 2001)
Open Access
Avaliação da função dos músculos respiratórios em doentes com falência ventricular esquerda
Evaluation of respiratory muscle function in patients with left ventricular failure
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Miguel Mota Carmo*, Cristina Bárbara**, Sara Ferreira***, Jaime Branco****, Teresa Ferreira*****, António Rendas******
* Professor Auxiliar de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa; Cardiologista
** Professora Auxiliar de Pneumologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente
*** Monitora de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa; Interna do Internato Geral dos HCL
**** Professor Auxiliar de Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa; Chefe de Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Egas Moniz
***** Consultora de Cardiologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente
****** Director do Departamento de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa
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RESUMO

A diminuição da força dos músculos respiratórios, determinada pela medição das pressões máximas respiratórias a nível da boca, tem sido evocada como um dos mecanismos geradores de dispneia em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca esquerda (ICE). Conhecendo as limitações para a determinação da “verdadeira” força dos músculos respiratórios pretendemos neste estudo comparar os resultados de diferentes técnicas de avaliação da força dos músculos respiratórios, num grupo de doentes com ICE.

Para o efeito estudámos 20 doentes do sexo masculino com ICE (GI), classes II e III de New York Heart Association (NYHA), e comparámo-los com um grupo de controlo normal (GII) de 19 homens, com idade semelhante. Determinámos as pressões máximas respiratórias a nível da boca [Pressão Máxima Expiratória (PME) e Pressão Máxima Inspiratória (PMI)], o Sniff nasal (SNIFN) e o Sniff esofágico (SNIF-E).

Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: PME: GI – 138.7±42.1.2 cmH2O; GII – 152.5±40.8 cmH2O; p:NS; PMI: GI – 74.1±22.2 cmH2O; GII – 85.8±16.6 cmH2O; p<0.03; SNIF-N: GI – 95.6±22.2 cmH2O; GII – 96.6±16.6 cmH2O; p:NS; SNIF-E: GI – 96.2±20.6 cmH2O; GII – 97.5±18.5 cmH2O; p:NS. Quando comparámos a PMI e o SNIF-N encontrámos uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos: GI – p<0.0002 e GII – p<0.009. Por outro lado não se registaram diferenças entre o SNIF-N e o SNIF-E.

Concluímos que a PMI subestima o valor das pressões máximas respiratórias e que os doentes com ICE, em classe II e III de NYHA, não apresentavam diminuição da força global dos músculos respiratórios, dado que não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre doentes e grupo controlo, a nível da PME e do SNIF nasal e esofágico. Assim o SNIFF-N parece-nos ser uma técnica a propor como método não invasivo de avaliação da força dos músculos respiratórios visto que apresentou resultados sobreponíveis aos da determinação do SNIFF-E.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (6):

Palavras-chave:
Insuficiência cardíaca esquerda
pressões máximas respiratórias
sniff nasal
sniff esofágico
ABSTRACT

The decrease in strength of respiratory muscles, determined by measuring the maximal respiratory pressures in the mouth, has been evoked as a mechanism of dyspnoea in patients with left ventricular failure (LVF). Knowing the limitations of this technique in the evaluation of the “real” strength, we propose to apply in this group of patients the different techniques available to study the maximal respiratory pressures.

We studied 20 male patients, with LVF (GI), classes II and III of New York Heart Association (NYHA), and we compared them with 19 male aged-matched controls without cardiopulmonary disease (GII). We assessed the maximal respiratory pressures at the mouth level, expiratory (PME) and inspiratory (PMI), the nasal Sniff (SNIF-N) and the esophageal Sniff (SNIF-E).

We have obtained the following results: PME: GI – 138.7±42.1 cmH2O; GII – 152.5±40.8.8 cmH2O; p:NS; PMI: GI – 74.1±22.2 cmH2O; GII – 85.8±16.6 cmH2O; p<0.03; SNIF-N: GI – 95.6±22.2 cmH2O; GII – 96.6±16.6 cmH2O; p:NS; SNIF-E: GI – 96.2±20.6 cmH2O; GII – 97.5±18.5 cmH2O; p:NS. When comparing PMI with SNIF-N we found a statistical significant difference between the groups: GI – p<0.0002 e GII – p<0.009. There was no statistical difference between SNIF-N and SNIF-E.

In conclusion, PMI underestimates the strength of inspiratory muscles. LVF patients in NYHA classes II and III did not present a decrease in the global strength of respiratory muscles, once there were no significant differences in PME and SNIF values, between patients and control group. Finally we did not detect differences between SNIFF-N and SNIFF-E pressures so we think that the assessment of SNIFF-N pressure can be used as a non-invasive method to evaluate the strength of inspiratory muscles.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (6):

Key-words:
Left ventricular failure
maximal respiratory pressures
sniff nasal pressure
sniff esophageal pressure
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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