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Vol. 11. Issue 1.
Pages 7-34 (January - February 2005)
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Vol. 11. Issue 1.
Pages 7-34 (January - February 2005)
Artigo Original\Original Article
Open Access
Características de personalidade do indivíduo com asma
Personality characteristics of asthma patients
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Lia Fernandes1, João Fonseca2, Josefina Rodrigues2, Marianela Vaz2, João Almeida3, Carlos Winck4, João Barreto5
1 Psiquiatra. Serviço de Psiquiatria
2 Imunoalergologistas. Serviço de Imunoalergologia
3 Pneumologista
4 Pneumologista, Doutorado. Serviço de Pneumologia
5 Psiquiatra, Doutorado. Serviço de Psiquiatria Hospital de S. João. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
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Resumo

Introdução: A asma, como outras patologias crónicas, tem forte influência de factores psicológicos. Apesar de estudos anteriores, não conhecemos rigorosamente a personalidade do asmático.

Objectivos: Caracterizar a personalidade do adulto com asma, comparando com um padrão aferido para os portugueses. Estudar as relações entre gravidade/ /duração da doença, com personalidade.

Métodos: Doentes com asma consecutivamente observados nas consultas externas de Imunoalergologia e Pneumologia do HSJ, avaliados pelo NEO-PI-R. Não excluídos doentes com comorbilidades. Gravidade classificada pelo médico assistente concordantemente com GINA.

Relações entre gravidade/duração da doença, com personalidade, analisadas utilizando modelos ANO VA.

Resultados: Estudados 300 doentes com asma com idades entre 17-79 anos; 75% mulheres. Grande maioria apresentava asma de gravidade intermitente/ /persistente ligeira (71%); 17% persistente moderada e 12% persistente grave. Duração inferior a 10 anos em 34% e superior a 23 em 35%.

Observou-se neuroticismo elevado (p<0,001), com respectivas facetas igualmente elevadas (excepto impulsividade). Restantes domínios (extroversão, abertura à experiência, conscienciosidade e amabilidade) apresentam pontuações inferiores às da população de referência (p<0,001).

Os domínios extroversão e abertura à experiência apresentam valores tanto mais baixos quanto maior a gravidade (p=0,003; p=0,009) e a duração da doença (p=0,006; p=0,013). Neuroticismo aumenta tendencialmente com o agravamento da doença.

Conclusão: Realça-se, relativamente à população portuguesa, o predomínio dos traços neuróticos nos asmáticos e diminuição dos traços de extroversão, abertura à experiência, amabilidade e conscienciosidade.

Observou-se diminuição da extroversão e da abertura à experiência tanto com aumento da gravidade como com maior duração da doença, sendo necessários mais estudos para compreender as relações entre personalidade, gravidade e duração.

Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (1): 7-33

Palavras-chave:
Asma
personalidade
gravidade da doença
duração da doença
Abstract

Introduction: Asthma, similarly to other chronic con-ditions, is strongly influenced by psychological factors. Previous studies have not established the personality characteristics of adult asthma patients as compared to non-patients.

Objectives: To study the psychological characteristics of adult asthma patients in comparison to a pattern drawn up for the Portuguese population. To study the relationships between the personality and the severity and duration of the disease.

Methods: Outpatients of the Immunallergology and Pulmonology units of the São João Hospital suffering from asthma responded to the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Patients with comorbidity factors were not excluded. The doctor who attended them classified the severity of the asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Relationships between the personality and the severity/duration of the disease were analysed using the ANOVA models.

Results: 300 asthma patients aged between 17 and 79 were studied. Of these, 75% were female; the great majority had intermittent/light persistent asthma (71%); 17% had moderate persistent asthma and 12% had severe persistent asthma. The duration of the disease was less than 10 years in 34% and over 23 years in 35%.

The asthma patients had higher Neuroticism scores (p<0.001), with the other facets (except impulsiveness) equally high. All the remaining domains – Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness – had lower scores than the control group (p<0.001). Both Extroversion and Openness to Experience decrease with growth in the severity (p=0.003; p=0.009) and the duration of the disease (p=0.006; p=0.013). Neuroticism increases in tandem with the severity of the disease.

Conclusion: This study shows the predominance of Neurotic characteristics and lowered Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness characteristics in asthmatics as compared to the general Portuguese population.

Decreased Extroversion and Openness to Experience are observed as the severity and duration of the disease increase. Further studies are necessary to clarify the relationships between personality and the severity and duration of the disease.

Rev Por Pneumol 2005; XI (1): 7-33

Key-words:
Asthma
personality
severity of the disease
duration of the disease
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