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Vol. 10. Issue 4.
Pages 287-296 (July - August 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 4.
Pages 287-296 (July - August 2004)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Concentração plasmática de lidocaína durante a broncofibroscopia
Plasma concentration of lidocaine during bronchoscopy
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Maria Sucena1, Isabel Cachapuz2, Elena Lombardia1, Adriana Magalhães3, João Tiago Guimarães4
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João
2 Interna Complementar de Patologia Clínica do Hospital de S. João
3 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João.
4 Assistente Hospitalar de Patologia Clínica do Hospital de S. João. Professor Auxiliar de Bioquímica.
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RESUMO

A lidocaína é frequentemente usada para anestesia local durante a realização da broncofibroscopia (BFC). Tem sido sugerido que a dose total de lidocaína deverá ser inferior a 300-400mg (< 8,2mg/kg). A toxicidade da lidocaína está directamente relacionada com a sua concentração sanguínea. Uma concentração plasmática inferior a 5μg/ml é considerada segura.

Foram objectivos deste trabalho a determinação das concentrações plasmáticas da lidocaína, a frequência com que são atingidas concentrações em níveis potencialmente tóxicos e sua correlação com eventuais efeitos laterais.

Os níveis plasmáticos de lidocaína foram determinados em 30 doentes submetidos a BFC. A lidocaína foi administrada sob a forma de gel a 2%, spray a 10% e solução a 2%. Foram recolhidas amostras de sangue venoso antes do início da anestesia local e aos 20, 30 e 40 minutos após a sua aplicação.

Foi administrada uma dose total média de 746,3±± 159,5mg (11,6±3,1mg/kg) de lidocaína.

Antes do início da anestesia os níveis plasmáticos de lidocaína foram inferiores a 0,1μg/ml.

A concentração plasmática de lidocaína foi de 3,2±1,7μg/ml, 3,3±1,7μg/ml e 3,0±1,5μg/ml respectivamente aos 20, 30 e 40 minutos.

Verificaram-se níveis considerados tóxicos em 6 doentes, mas não se observaram reacções adversas relacionadas com a lidocaína.

Apesar de a quantidade de lidocaína usada neste estudo exceder a dose máxima recomendada e de se terem verificado níveis considerados tóxicos, não foram observadas complicações. A determinação do limite máximo de lidocaína a administrar deverá ser estabelecida, apesar de doses superiores a 400mg parecerem ser seguras.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (4): 287-296

Palavras-chave:
lidocaína
broncofibroscopia
concentração plasmática
níveis tóxicos
ABSTRACT

Lidocaine is commonly used for local anesthesia during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). It has been suggested that the total dose of lidocaine should be limited to 300-400mg (or < 8.2mg/kg). Lidocaine toxicity is directly correlated with its concentration in the blood and a threshold above which the side effects become more likely has been put at a plasma level of 5μg/ml.

The aim of our study was to determine plasmatic lidocaine concentrations (PLC), how often the PLC fall into the potentially toxic range and its correlation with adverse reactions.

PLC were recorded in 30 patients undergoing FOB. Lidocaine was administered as a 2% gel, 10% spray and 2% solution. Venous blood samples were taken before the beginning of local anesthesia and at 20, 30 and 40min thereafter.

The mean total amount of lidocaine administered was 746.3±159.5mg (11.6±3.1mg/kg). Before the beginning of anesthesia, no significant levels of lidocaine were measurable in the patients. PLC were 3.2±1.7μg/ml at 20min., 3.3±1.7μg/ml at 30min. and 3.0±1.5μg/ml at 40min. The PLC exceeded toxic levels in 6 patients, but no complications were observed.

Our data show that although the amount of lidocaine used in this study exceeded the recommended highest dose, no subjects had signs of toxicity. A maximum dose of lidocaine for topical anesthesia should be determined despite the fact that an average total dose superior to 400mg appears to be safe in patients undergoing FOB.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (4): 287-296

Key-words:
idocaine
bronchoscopy
plasmatic lidocaine concentrations
toxic levels
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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