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Vol. 5. Issue 2.
Pages 215-227 (March - April 1999)
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Vol. 5. Issue 2.
Pages 215-227 (March - April 1999)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Eficácia e tolerância da azitromicina versus claritromicina no tratamento das infecções do tracto respiratório inferior
Efficacy and tolerance of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections
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J. Agostinho Marques*,1, Rui Pato2, M. Freitas e Costa3, A. Pais Ruivo4, R. Amaral Marques5, Otília Vidal1, Moutinho Dos Santos2, Ibraimo Maulide3, Yglésias Oliveira5, A. Gouveia de Oliveira**
* Redactor do artigo
** Bioestatista, Datamedica, Lda
1 Hospital de S. João. Porto
2 Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, Comibra
3 Hospital de Sta Mana, Lisboa
4 Hospital Militar de Bélem, Lisboa
5 Hospital Pulido Valente, Lisboa
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RESUMO

Setenta e um doentes foram induídos oeste ensaio aberto comparativo e aleatorizado da seguranançe eficáda da azitromicina administrada em regime de 3 dias versus claritromicina durante 10 dias no tratamento ambulatório das infecções do tracto respiratório inferior. A azitromicina foi administrada na dose de 500mg/dia e a claritromicina na dose de 250mg b.i.d. Um total de 51 doentes (25 azitromicina e 26 claritromicina) era elegível para a anáilise de eficácia. A idade média foi de 42.3 anos (entre 19 e 65 anos), sendo 29 doentes (57%) do sexo masculino e a distribuição por diagnóstico foi de 40 (78%) exacerbações de DPOC e de 11 (22%) pneumonias. As características basais estavam distribuídas de forma semelhante nos dois grupos de tratamento. A proporção de doentes com cura ou melhoria clínica na avaliação final foi de 92% no grupo da azitromicina e de 85% no grupo da claritromicina. Nos doentes que terminaram o ensaio não houve falências clínicas no grupo da azitromicina e houve 3 falências no grupo da claritromicina, sendo num dos casos uma sobreinfecção por E. coli. Na análise da segurança foram incluídos todos os doentes aleatorizados, distribuídos pelos tratameotos efectivamente recebidos (71 doentes, 40 azitromicina e 31 claritromicina). Um doente do grupo da azitromicina com diagnóstico de cancro do pulmão faleceu no segundo dia de tratamento por hemoptise fulminante que não foi relacionada com a medicação em estudo. Observaramse reacções adversas dos fármacos em 3 doentes, todos do grupo da claritro-micina. Nos parâmetros laboratoriais de segurança observouse uma modificação do leucograma compativel com a resolução da infecção (redução dos leucócitos e neutrófilos, aumento dos linfócitos), nio se observando alteração significativa nos parâmetros bioquimicos. Treze doentes (8 azitromicina e 5 claritromicina) apresentaram alterações laboratoriais a que não foi atribuido significado clínico. Em conclusão, este estudo mostrou uma elevada eficácia tanto da azitromicina como da claritromicina no tratameoto das infecções do tracto respiratório inferior. O estudo é inconclusivo quanto à eventual superioridade de uma das substâncias sobre a outra.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1999; V (2): 216-227

Palavras-chave:
Antibióticos
Macrólidos
Azitromicina
Claritromicina
Infecções respiratórias baixas
ABSTRACT

Seventy one patients were enrolled to an opened, comparative and randomized study to evalute the safety and efficacy of azitbromycin administered during 3 days versus clarithromycin during 10 days in the out treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Azithromycin was given 500mg once daily and clarithromycin 250mg twice daily. A total of 51 patients (25 to azithromycin and 26 to clarythromycin) were eligible for efficacy assessment. Mean age was 42.3years (19-25), 29 (57%) patients were male and diagnosis were the following:40 (78%) exacerbations of COPD and 11 (22%) pneumonia. Both groups were similar in terms obasic details. Clinical success or improvement on final evaluation was noted in 92% of patients in the azithromycin group and in 85% in the claritbromycin group. There were no clinical failures on the azithromycin group and there were 3 on the clarithromycin group (on one of these patients there was a superinfection with E. coil). Safety was assessed in all patients randomized to the treatment groups (71 patients; 40 received azitbromycin and 31 received clarythromycin). One azitbromycin treated patient with lung cancer died with fulminating haemoptysis on the second day of treatment which was norelated to the study drug. Adverse events were reported in 3 patients all treated with clarythromycin. Regarding laboratory values there was an hematologic change related with infection resolution (leucocytes and neutrophils reduction and limphocytes increase) and there was no significant chemistry changes. Thirteen patients (8 of azithromycin group and 5 of clarithromycin group) showed laboratory abnormalities with no attributable clinical significance. In conclusion, Ibis study showed a high effectiveness of both azithromycin and clarithromycin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. The study was inconclusive about the superiority of one drug over the other.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1999; V (2): 216-227

Key-Words:
Antibiotics
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
LRTIs
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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