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Vol. 8. Issue 3.
Pages 223-235 (May - June 2002)
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Vol. 8. Issue 3.
Pages 223-235 (May - June 2002)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO/REVIEW ARTICLE
Open Access
Exposição de pequenos animais à hiperoxia - um modelo para estudo do papel do músculo liso na hiperreactividade brônquica
Hyperoxia - a model to study the role of airway smooth muscle on bronchial hyperresponsiveness
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T. Gamboa*, A. Bensabat Rendas**
* Assistentc de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa.
** Professor Catedrático de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa
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RESUMO

A exposiãlio de pequenos animais a níveis elevados de oxigénio no ar inspirado reproduz muitas das alterações morfógicas e funcionais que se encontram na displasia broncopulmonar e na asma brônquica. Assim, alguns grupos têrn utilizado modelos animais expostos à hiperoxia com o objectivo de determinar o papel das modificações da arquitectura das vias aéreas na génese da hiperreactividade brônquica que se encontra em ambas as patologias humanas. Estudos realizados na úlltima década, demonstraram, através de técnicas in vivo e in vitro, uma associaçã entre as modificaçõ.s induzidas pelo oxigénio sobre o músculo liso brônquico e a resposta a agonistas colinergicos. Contudo, as diferenças entre OS protocolos tornam difícil a comparação e a interpretação dos resultados obtidos entre os diferentes grupos. Assim, foi objectivo desta revisão fazer uma síntese das informações disponlveis sobre os métodos de exposição a hiperoxia, de indução e monitorização da resposta, os criterios que determinaram a escolha da espécie animal e da fase do desenvolvimento em que se iniciou a exposição e ainda sobre os efeitos biológicos correspondentes. Concluiu-se que a exposição á hiperoxia, pelas alteraçães morfo-funcionais que provoca, pode constituir urn modelo útil para avaliação dos mecanismos responsáveis pela a hiperreactividade brônquica, particularmente quanto ao contributo das alterações.qualitativas e quantitativas do músculo liso para esse fenómeno.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (3): 223-235

Palavras-chave:
asma
displasia broncopulmonar
oxigénio
agonistas colinergicos
reactividade
sensibilidade
modelos animais
ABSTRACT

Exposure of small animals to high oxygen concentrations can induce morphological and functional changes usually found in the airways of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and asthma. This led to the use of animal models based on exposure to high concentrations of oxygen in order to study the relation between these airway changes and the development of hyperresponsiveness. During the last ten years several studies, using in vivo and in vitro techniques, have shown a close association between cholinergic responsiveness and airway wall remodeling in rats exposed to high levels of oxygen in the inspired air. However, the comparison and interpretation of the results obtained by the various groups is often a difficult task due to the methodological differences found between the protocols. The objective of this paper is to synthesize the information concerning the hyperoxia exposure techniques, the airway challenging agents used and their methods of administration and also the parameters used to measure the responses. It is also included a review of the criteria that determined the choice of particular animal species, the stage of development more often chosen to begin the hyperoxic exposure and also its biological effects on the structure and function of the airways. It is concluded conclude that the hyperoxic rat is a suitable model to evaluate the mechanisms involved in bronchial responsiveness, in particular the contribution of the qualitative and quantitative changes occurring in the airway smooth muscle.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (3): 223-235

Key-words:
asthma
brochopulmonary displasia
oxygen
cholinergic agonists
reactivity
sensitivity
animal models
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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