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Vol. 6. Issue 4.
Pages 283-295 (July - August 2000)
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Vol. 6. Issue 4.
Pages 283-295 (July - August 2000)
PONTO DAS SITUAÇÃO/STATE OF THE ART
Open Access
Lavagem broncoalveolar. O estado da arte*
Bronchoalveolar lavage. State of the art
Visits
5323
Carlos Robalo Cordeiro**
** Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia dos HUC Professor Auxiliar da Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra
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RESUMO

Após uma introdução histórica, com particular referência ao BAL Task Group da Sociedade Respiratória Europeia, abordam-se alguns aspectos de natureza técnica relacionados com a Lavagem Broncoalveolar (LBA), que são, aliás, objecto de analise em recentes relatórios internacionais do citado grupo.

Assim, para além de recomendaçõs sobre a necessidade de estandardização da técnica da LBA, do processamento e da manipulação das amostras assim obtidas, tecemse consideraçães, oeste cootexto, sobre a sua contaminação brônquica (referentes a estudos microbiológicos e ao a conselhamento na utilização de grandes volumes de líquido – 200 a 240ml), sobre a diluição do líquido de revestimento alveolar e sobre a influência da permeabilidade da membrana alveolocapilar (com ênfase nos respectivos marcadores internos e externos de diluição e no interesse em referenciar os doseamentos de produtos não celulares por ml de fluido recolhido e por concentração percentual relativa).

Descrevese, igualmente, o interesse clínico da LBA, quer no âmbito diagnóstico (patologia Infecciosa, neoplásica e em alguns quadros intersticiais), quer no esclarecimento da fisiopatologia, da actividade e da monitorização terapêutica de diversas doençãs. A este respeito apresentam-se também as perspectivas centradas nos estudos por Expectoração Induzida, como método complemeotar (eventualmente substitutivo em circunstâncias particulares) da LBA.

Após breve recordatória das principais complicações e dos imperativos éticos na realização da LBA, resumemse algumas das mais promissoras perspectivas desta técnica, referentes, não apenas às possibilidades de terapêutica génica substitutiva, como também a utilização da lavagem pulmonar total em patologia ocupacional e, ainda, aos estudos de distribuição medicamentosa no aparelho respiratório inferior.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2000; VI (4): 283-295

Palavras-chave:
Lavagem Broncoalvcolar
Broncofibroscopia
Patologia Pulmonar
BAL Task Group
ABSTRACT

After an historical introdution, with particular reference to the BAL Task Group or the European Respiratory Society, the author present some technical aspects related with the Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL), also subject or analysis in international reports or this group.

Therefore, beyond recommendations on standardization of BAL technique, handling and samples processing, some considerations are debated, in this context, about bronchial contamination (namely on microbiological studies and on the need to use a great liquid amount – 200 to 240ml), about dilution of epithelial lining fluid and about influence of lung permeability (with emphasis on internal and external markers of dilution and on the need to report non cellular results per ml fluid retrieved and In relative percentual concentration).

The clinical interest of BAL, not only in diagnosis of infeccious, neoplastic and some interstitial pictures, but also in pathophysiological, activity and therapeutical monitorization studies of several diseases, is discussed. In this context, the author present perspectives on Induced Sputum, as a complementary method to BAL.

After remembering the main complications and ethical aspects, recent perspectives are pointed out, namely on gene therapy, on whole lung lavage in occupational lung diseases and on studies of drug penetration in lower respiratory tract.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2000; VI (4): 283-295

Key-words:
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Bronchofibroscopy
Lung Diseases
BAL Task Group
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Desenvolvimento de texto que serviu de base a Conferência proferida durante o XV Congresso de Pneumologia. Ofir. Novembro 1999

Copyright © 2000. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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