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Vol. 11. Issue 3.
Pages 243-282 (May - June 2005)
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Vol. 11. Issue 3.
Pages 243-282 (May - June 2005)
Artigo Original\Original Article
Open Access
Práticas actuais na abordagem hospitalar da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em Portugal. Consenso de um painel de peritos
Current management of hospitalized community acquired pneumonia in Portugal. Consensus statements of an expert panel
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A. Gouveia Oliveira
Instituição onde foi realizado/Institution where the study was carried out: Datamédica (Director: A. Gouveia Oliveira)
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Resumo

O diagnóstico e tratamento da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) são assuntos sobre os quais existe pouco consenso, o que se exprime por uma proliferação de normas de prática clínica cujas recomendações divergem significativamente. O presente estudo teve por objectivos a validação clínica, considerando a realidade portuguesa, das recomendações das cinco normas de prática clínica mais divulgadas, designadamente as da British Thoracic Society, American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, European Respiratory Society e Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia, e a avaliação do lugar dos macrólidos no tratamento da PAC. O estudo utilizou a metodologia Delphi, tendo sido desenvolvido um questionário contendo todas as recomendações individuais identificadas nas cinco publicações. Foi constituído um painel de 20 peritos nacionais no tratamento da PAC, dos quais 16 participaram efectivamente no estudo, que indicaram numa escala de Likert de 9 pontos o seu grau de concordância com cada uma das recomendações. As opiniões dos membros do painel foram expressas sob a forma de nível de consenso e grau de adequação das recomendações. Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar as recomendações das diferentes normas de prática clínica que reúnem elevado consenso entre os clínicos, obter estimativas de indicadores epidemiológicos e de padrões de qualidade de cuidados prestados, e ainda identificar as características dos antibióticos consideradas relevantes para a selecção inicial da terapêutica empírica. A eritromicina apresenta desvantagens em quase todas essas características relativamente aos macrólidos de geração avançada e, entre estes, a azitromicina corresponde mais de perto às preferências dos peritos relativamente às características de tolerabilidade, administração e custos.

Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (3): 243-282

Palavras-chave:
Normas de prática clínica
diagnóstico
tratamento
pneumonia
adquirida
comunidade
adulto
macrólidos
Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) are controversial issues, without evidence of solid consensus, reflected in the proliferation of Clinical Practice Guidelines proposing a wide range of recommendations. The aim of this study was the clinical validation of five of the most widely recognized Clinical Practice Guidelines (published by the British Thoracic Society, American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, European Respiratory Society and Portuguese Society of Pulmonology), in line with the real situation in Portugal, as well as an assessment of the role of macrolides in the treatment of CAP. This study adopted the Delphi method to reach consensus from a panel of 20 Portuguese experts in the treatment of CAP, 16 of which participated actively in the study. A questionnaire with all the management options recommended by the five guidelines was distributed to the experts, who reported their degree of agreement with each recommendation on a 9-point Likert scale. The opinions of the specialist panel are reported, as well as the level of consensus and degree of sufficiency of each management option. The results of this study allowed the identification of the management options receiving a high level of acceptance among Portuguese physicians, as well as the estimation of epidemiological parameters, the definition of standards of care and the identification of the most relevant characteristics for the initial selection of antibiotics for empirical therapy. Erythromycin presents disadvantages in almost all characteristics, compared to advanced generation macrolides. Among these, azithromycin meets the panel of experts’ preferences as to antibiotic tolerability, administration schedule and costs better than clarithromycin.

Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (3): 243-282

Key words:
Guideline
management
adult
residence characteristics
acquired
pneumonia
macrolides
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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