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Vol. 15. Issue 5.
Pages 803-846 (September - October 2009)
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Vol. 15. Issue 5.
Pages 803-846 (September - October 2009)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Prevalência de obstrução numa população exposta ao fumo do tabaco – Projecto PNEUMOBIL
Prevalence of bronchial obstruction in a tobacco smoke exposed population – The PNEUMOBIL project
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J.M. Reis Ferreira1, Maria João Matos2, Fátima Rodrigues3, Aurora Belo4, Hermínia Brites5, João Cardoso6, Paula Simão7, J Moutinho dos Santos8, João Almeida9, António Gouveia10, Cristina Bárbara11
1 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia, Hospital da Força Aérea/Consultant, Pulmonology Specialist, Hospital Força Aérea
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia, Hospital da Universidade Coimbra/Consultant, Pulmonology Specialist, Hospital Universidade Coimbra
3 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital Pulido Valente/Consultant, Pulmonology Specialist, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital Pulido Valente
4 Assistente Medicina Geral e Familiar, Boehringer-Ingelheim/Consultant, General Practice and Family Health, Boehringer-Ingelheim
5 Professora da Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde de Lisboa/Professor, Lisbon Further Education College of Health Technologies
6 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Sta Marta/Head, Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Sta. Marta
7 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia, Hospital de Pedro Hispano/Consultant, Pulmonology Specialist, Hospital Pedro Hispano
8 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra/Head, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra
9 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de S. João/Head, Pulmonology Unit, Hospital S. João
10 Professor de Biomatemática da Universidade Nova de Lisboa/Professor, Biomathematics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
11 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital de Pulido Valente/Head, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte – Hospital de Pulido Valente
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Resumo

A espirometria não atingiu ainda a divulgação que se justificaria em patologia respiratória, ou indivíduos que se encontram em risco relativamente a esta patologia, cujo diagnóstico é insuficiente, havendo um escasso conhecimento, e consequente controlo, dos custos atribuíveis a estas doenças, com destaque para a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC).

O PNEUMOBIL, iniciativa que visa esta divulgação entre fumadores e ex-fumadores, foi reactivado, após 10 anos de aplicação em Portugal, revelando agora, numa amostra de 5324 indivíduos, em que cerca de 50% ainda mantêm os hábitos tabágicos, sejam do sexo masculino ou feminino, que houve uma elevada prevalência de obstrução detectada por espirometria (30% e 25%, respecti-vamente) nas pessoas rastreadas perto de centros de saúde (grupo público) e em empresas (grupo privado). Este risco não se explica em regra por exposição ocu-pacional, nem se relaciona com a maioria dos sintomas respiratórios, muito frequentes nos rastreados. Apenas a dispneia (OR=1,28; p=0,02) e os episódios frequentes de expectoração (OR=1,21; p=0,008) ou de bronquite aguda (OR=1,31; p=0,05) revelam al-guma relação com a obstrução. O reconhecimento prévio da DPOC é muito reduzi-do e a presença de obstrução não se correlaciona (p=0,204) com o assumir da condição de portador.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (5): 803-846

Palavras-chave:
Fumo do tabaco
obstrução brôn-quica
DPOC
PNEUMOBIL
Abstract

The use of spirometry is not yet widespread enough in chronic respiratory or at-risk patients whose diagnosis is incomplete. There is scarce knowledge and inadequate management of the burden of these diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pneumobil, an initiative aimed at raising awareness among smokers and ex-smokers, was reactivated 10 years after its launch in Portugal. It found a large prevalence of bronchial obstruction as measured by spirometry (30% and 25% in men and women respectively) in a sample of 5324 smoke-exposed individuals, 50% current smokers, screened at state or business (private company group) health institutions. This risk is neither mainly attributable to occupational exposure nor mainly related to respiratory symptoms, which were very common in our population. Only dyspnoea (OR=1.28; p=0.02) and frequent episodes of sputum production (OR=1.21; p=0.008) or acute bronchitis (OR=1.31; p=0.05) were somewhat related to bronchial obstruction. Prior knowledge of COPD is rare and bronchial obstruction is not correlated (p=0.204) to a possible diagnosis of COPD.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (5): 803-846

Key-words:
Tobacco smoke
bronchial obstruction
COPD
PNEUMOBIL
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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