Journal Information
Vol. 15. Issue 6.
Pages 1073-1099 (November - December 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 15. Issue 6.
Pages 1073-1099 (November - December 2009)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Pulmão e transplante renal
Lung and renal transplantation
Visits
6659
Patrícia Caetano Mota1,
Corresponding author
patmota@net.sapo.pt

Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de S. João, EPE Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro 4202-451 Porto.
, Ana Paula Vaz1, Inês Castro Ferreira2, Manuela Bustorff3, Carla Damas4
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de S. João/Resident, Pulmonology, Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de S. João
2 Interna Complementar de Nefrologia, Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de S. João/Resident, Nephrology, Nephrology Unit, Hospital de S. João
3 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Nefrologia, Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de S. João/Consultant, Specialist, Nephrology, Nephrology Unit, Hospital de S. João
4 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de S. João /Consultant, Pulmonology, Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de S. João
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

O transplante renal é o transplante de órgãos sólidos mais frequente, sendo os transplantados renais alvo de complicações pulmonares inerentes à própria terapêutica imunossupressora, as quais constituem, por vezes, um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico.

Objectivo: Avaliar os doentes admitidos na Unidade de Transplante Renal (UTR) do Hospital de S. João com o diagnóstico de patologia respiratória.

Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de todos os doentes admitidos na UTR por doença respiratória, durante um período de 12 meses.

Resultados: Foram incluídos 36 doentes, com uma média de idades de 55,2 (±13,4) anos; 61,1% do sexo masculino. Os esquemas imunossupressores mais utilizados foram: prednisolona e micofenolato mofetil com ciclosporina (38,9%) ou tacrolimus (22,2%) ou rapamicina (13,9%). Trinta e um doentes (86,1%) apresentaram doença infecciosa respiratória. Neste grupo destacaram-se: 23 casos (74,2%) de pneumonia, 5 casos (16,1%) de infecção oportunista, 2 (6,5%) de traqueobronquite, e 1 (3,2%) de abcessos pulmonares. O agente etiológico foi identificado em 7 casos (22,6%). Cinco doentes (13,9%) apresentaram doença pulmonar iatrogénica pela rapamicina. Em 15 doentes (41,7%) foi necessário recorrer à realização de broncofibroscopia, diagnóstica em 10 casos (66,7%). O tempo médio de internamento foi de 17,1 (±18,5) dias, e não se verificou nenhum óbito.

Conclusão: A infecção constituiu a principal complicação pulmonar no grupo de doentes estudado. O diagnóstico de doença pulmonar induzida por fármacos implica reconhecimento das suas características e monitorização rigorosa dos níveis séricos dos mesmos. O recurso a técnicas de diagnóstico invasivas contribuiu para maior precocidade e especificidade terapêuticas.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (6): 1073-1099

Palavras-chave:
Pulmão
transplante renal
imunossupressão
Abstract

Renal transplantation is the most common type of solid organ transplantation and kidney transplant recipients are susceptible to pulmonary complications of immunosuppressive therapy, which are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Aim: To evaluate patients admitted to the Renal Transplant Unit (RTU) of Hospital de S. João with respiratory disease.

Subject and methods: We performed a retrospective study of all patients admitted to RTU with respiratory disease during a period of 12 months.

Results: Thirty-six patients were included. Mean age 55.2 (±13.4) years; 61.1% male. Immunosuppressive agents most frequently used were prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil associated with ciclosporin (38.9%) or tacrolimus (22.2%) or rapamycin (13.9%). Thirty-one patients (86.1%) presented infectious respiratory disease. In this group the main diagnoses were 23 (74.2%) pneumonias, 5 (16.1%) opportunistic infections, 2 (6.5%) tracheobronchitis, and 1 case (3.2%) of lung abscesses. Microbiological agent was identified in 7 cases (22.6%). Five patients (13.9%) presented rapamycin-induced lung disease. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 15 patients (41.7%), diagnostic in 10 cases (66.7%). Mean hospital stay was 17.1 (±18.5) days and no related death was observed.

Conclusion: Respiratory infections were the main complications in these patients. Drug-induced lung disease implies recognition of its features and a rigorous monitoring of drug serum levels. A more invasive diagnostic approach was determinant in the choice of an early and more specific therapy.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (6): 1073-1099

Key-words:
Lung
renal transplantation
immunosuppression
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia/Bibliography
[1.]
J.M. Cecka, P.I. Terasaki, Worldwide Transplant Center Directory Kidney Transplants.
Clinical Transplants 2000, pp. 555-595
[2.]
A. Mota.
Problemas do transplante renal a longo-prazo.
Rev Port Nefrol Hipert, 17 (2003), pp. 11-22
[3.]
T.E. Starzl.
The development of clinical renal transplantation.
Am J Kidney Dis, 16 (1990), pp. 548-556
[4.]
Relatório da actividade de colheita e transplantação de, (2007),
[5.]
A. Salomão.
Imunossupressão em transplante renal de adultos: Conceitos básicos e aplicação clínica.
Prática Hospitalar, 52 (2007), pp. 177-182
[6.]
W. Osswald, S. Guimarães.
Terapêutica medicamentosa e suas bases farmacológicas, 4ª Edição, pp. 1238-1240
[7.]
E.A. Burdmann, T.F. Andoh, L. Yu, et al.
Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.
Semin Nephrol, 23 (2003), pp. 465-476
[8.]
M. Matijaca, J. Vlasić-Matas, S. Janković, et al.
Neurotoxicity that may mimic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patient with transplanted kidney.
Coll Antropol, 31 (2007), pp. 349-353
[9.]
C. Damas, A. Oliveira, A. Morais.
Toxicidade pulmonar induzida pela rapamicina.
Rev Port Pneumol, 12 (2006), pp. 715-724
[10.]
C. Morath, M. Mueller, H. Goldschmidt, et al.
Malignancy in renal transplantation.
J Am Soc Nephrol, 15 (2004), pp. 1582-1588
[11.]
B.L. Kasiske, J.J. Snyder, D.T. Gilbertson, et al.
Cancer after kidney transplantation in the United States.
Am J Transplant, 4 (2004), pp. 905-913
[12.]
D.O. Taylor, L.B. Edwards, M.M. Boucek, et al.
Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-second official adult heart transplant report – 2005.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 24 (2005), pp. 945-955
[13.]
P. Pedotti, M. Cardillo, G. Rossini, et al.
Incidence of cancer after kidney transplant: results from the North Italy transplant program.
Transplantation, 76 (2003), pp. 1448-1451
[14.]
J.A. Fishman, R.H. Rubin.
Infection in organ transplant recipients.
N Engl J Med, 338 (1998), pp. 1741-1751
[15.]
M.L. Fernandez Guerrero, J.M. Ramos, J. Marrero, et al.
Bacteremic pneumococcal infections in immunocompromised patients without AIDS: the impact of beta-lactam resistance on mortality.
Int J Infect Dis, 7 (2003), pp. 46-52
[16.]
G.C. Chang, C.L. Wu, S.H. Pan, et al.
The diagnosis of pneumonia in renal transplant recipients using invasive and noninvasive procedures.
Chest, 125 (2004), pp. 541-547
[17.]
L.A. Mandell, R.G. Wunderink, A. Anzueto, et al.
IDSA/ATS Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults.
Clin Infect Dis, 44 (2007), pp. S27-72
[18.]
G.I. Andriesse, J. Verhoef.
Nosocomial pneumonia: rationalizing the approach to empirical therapy.
Treat Respir Med, 5 (2006), pp. 11-30
[19.]
Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 171 (2005), pp. 388-416
[20.]
M. Niewczas, J. Ziolkowski, Z. Rancewicz, et al.
Tuberculosis in patients after renal transplantation remains still a clinical problem.
Transplant Proc, 34 (2002), pp. 677-679
[21.]
S. Apaydin, M.R. Altiparmak, K. Serdengecti, et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections after renal transplantation.
Scand J Infect Dis, 32 (2000), pp. 501-505
[22.]
J.A. Lopes, J. Guerra, A. Santana, et al.
Tuberculose em doentes transplantados renais.
Rev Port Nefrol Hipert, 19 (2005), pp. 163-168
[23.]
D.E. Griffith, T. Aksamit, B.A. Brown-Elliott, et al.
An official ATS/IDSA statement: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175 (2007), pp. 367-416
[24.]
S. Alexander, G.T. John, M. Jesudason, et al.
Infections with atypical mycobacteria in renal transplant recipients.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 50 (2007), pp. 482-484
[25.]
Nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Am J Transplant, 4 (2004), pp. 42-46
[26.]
M. Veroux, D. Corona, M. Gagliano, et al.
Voriconazole in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in kidney transplant recipients.
Transplant Proc, 39 (2007), pp. 1838-1840
[27.]
N. Singh, B.D. Alexander, O. Lortholary, et al.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of serum cryptococcal antigen.
Clin Infect Dis, 46 (2008), pp. 12-18
[28.]
A.H. Mohsen, M. McKendrick.
Varicella pneumonia in adults.
Eur Respir J, 21 (2003), pp. 886-891
[29.]
J.M. Hammond, P.D. Potgieter, D. Hanslo, et al.
The etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of microorganisms in acute community-acquired lung abscess.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 937-941
[30.]
J.G. Bartlett.
Antibiotics in lung abscess.
Semin Respir Infect, 6 (1991), pp. 103-111
[31.]
L. Champion, M. Stem, D. Israel-Biet, et al.
Brief communication: Sirolimus associated pneumonitis – 24 cases in renal transplant recipients.
Ann Intern Med, 144 (2006), pp. 505-509
[32.]
E. Morelon, M. Stern, H. Kreis.
Interstitial pneumonitis associated with sirolimus therapy in renal-transplant recipients.
N Eng J Med, 343 (2000), pp. 225-226
[33.]
E. Morelon, M. Stern, D. Israel-Biet, et al.
Characteristics of sirolimus-associated interstitial pneumonitis in renal transplant patients.
Transplantation, 72 (2001), pp. 787-790
[34.]
N. Vlahakis, B. Rickman, T. Morgenthaler.
Sirolimus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
Mayo Clin Proc, 79 (2004), pp. 541-545
[35.]
C. Damas, A. Morais, J.A. Marques, et al.
Pneumonia aguda fibrinosa e organizante.
Rev Port Pneumol, 12 (2006), pp. 615-620
Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?