array:23 [
  "pii" => "S217351150870263X"
  "issn" => "21735115"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(08)70263-X"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
  "aid" => "70263"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2008"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:309-13"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5643
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 213
      "HTML" => 2105
      "PDF" => 3325
    ]
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173511508702628"
    "issn" => "21735115"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(08)70262-8"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
    "aid" => "70262"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:303-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4620
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 206
        "HTML" => 2664
        "PDF" => 1750
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Hiperventilação. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental e a técnica dos exercícios de indução dos sintomas no transtorno de pânico"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "303"
          "paginaFinal" => "308"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Hyperventilation. The cognitive-behavior-therapy and the technique of the exercises in the induction of panic disorder symptoms"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Anna Lucia Spear King, Alexandre Martins Valença, António Egídio Nardi, Márcio Versiani"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Anna Lucia"
              "apellidos" => "Spear King"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Alexandre"
              "apellidos" => "Martins Valença"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "António"
              "apellidos" => "Egídio Nardi"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Márcio"
              "apellidos" => "Versiani"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511508702628?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/21735115/0000001400000002/v1_201305151451/S2173511508702628/v1_201305151451/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Acalasia do esófago: Diagnóstico diferencial de asma brônquica"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "309"
        "paginaFinal" => "313"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Patrícia Bacellar, Marta Silva, Nélia Tinoco, Francisco Costa, Helena Rodrigues"
        "autores" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Patrícia"
            "apellidos" => "Bacellar"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Marta"
            "apellidos" => "Silva"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "N&#233;lia"
            "apellidos" => "Tinoco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Francisco"
            "apellidos" => "Costa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:4 [
            "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;&#170;"
            "nombre" => "Helena"
            "apellidos" => "Rodrigues"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Interna Complementar Medicina Interna"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia&#47;Medicina Interna Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus&#44; S&#46; A&#46; Vila Nova de Famalic&#227;o&#44; Portugal"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Oesophagus achalasia&#58; Differencial diagnosis of asthma"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2006-12-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2007-10-23"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159519"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Obstru&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea"
            1 => "acalasia do es&#243;fago"
            2 => "asma br&#244;nquica"
            3 => "espirometria"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key-words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159520"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Airway obstruction"
            1 => "achalasia"
            2 => "asthma"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O megaes&#243;fago secund&#225;rio &#224; acalasia &#233; uma causa rara&#44; por&#233;m potencialmente fatal de obstru&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#46; A etiologia permanece pouco esclarecida&#46; O quadro cl&#237;nico habitual consiste em disfagia&#44; regurgita&#231;&#227;o&#44; emagrecimento progressivo&#44; sendo que em alguns casos a distens&#227;o esof&#225;gica pode ser assintom&#225;tica e em raros casos os doentes apresentam como queixa principal estridor e dificuldade respirat&#243;ria&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os autores apresentam um caso cl&#237;nico de uma jovem de 19 anos&#44; com tosse&#44; dispneia e dificuldade respirat&#243;ria&#44; em tratamento para asma br&#244;nquica&#46; Devido a persist&#234;ncia da sintomatologia&#44; foi efectuado novo estudo da fun&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria&#44; compat&#237;vel com obstru&#231;&#227;o intrator&#225;cica&#46; A esofagomanometria confirmou o diagn&#243;stico de volumosa acalasia do es&#243;fago&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a correc&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica&#44; a sintomatologia desapareceu e houve uma melhoria significativa das provas funcionais respirat&#243;rias posteriormente realizadas&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A acalasia do es&#243;fago deveria ser considerada como um dos diagn&#243;sticos diferencias de obstru&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Megaoesophagus resulting from achalasia is a rare but serious cause of airway obstruction&#46; The exact aetiology remains unclear&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Achalasia normally presents as weight loss&#44; dysphasia and regurgitation but frequently considerable oesophageal distension can occur without complain and very rarely cause of achalasia presents with stridor or respiratory distress&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors presents a 19-year old young lady who had respiratory symptoms and had been treated as a cause of chronic asthma&#44; was found by us to have oesophagus achalasia&#46; She had complained of cough&#44; dispneia and had a pulmonary function studies that showed a severe airway obstruction&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After surgery the symptoms disappeared and she had a marked improvement in the flow-volume curve&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oesophagus achalasia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of airway obstruction&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Achalasia presentig as acute stridor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;P&#46; Dunlop"
                            1 => "S&#46;P&#46; Travis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1125"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1128"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9431907"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S030089321100830X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03008932"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rapidly development airway obstruction resulting from achalasia of the oesophagus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Hay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Anaesthesiology"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "398"
                        "paginaFinal" => "400"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Oesophageal achalasia causing respiratory obstruction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Westbrook"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "38"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1536403"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute airway obstruction in achalasia of the oesophagus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Dominguez"
                            1 => "F&#46; Hernandez Ranz"
                            2 => "D&#46; Boixeda"
                            3 => "P&#46; Valdazo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Gastroenterology"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "362"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0302283807009852"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03022838"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute upper airway obstruction in a patient with achalasia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Turkot"
                            1 => "B&#46; Golzman"
                            2 => "J&#46; Koganm"
                            3 => "S&#46; Oren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "687"
                        "paginaFinal" => "689"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9140255"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory failure as presentation of achalasia of the oesophagus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;P&#46; Kendall"
                            1 => "E&#46; Lin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Anaestesia"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1039"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1040"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis of bronchial asthma by clinical evaluation&#58; An unreliable method"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;R&#46; Pratter"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Hingston"
                            2 => "R&#46;S&#46; Irwin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "84"
                        "paginaInicial" => "42"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6861547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic cough&#58; The spectrum and the frequency of causes&#44; key and components of the diagnostic evaluation&#44; and outcome of specific therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Irwin"
                            1 => "F&#46;J&#46; Curley"
                            2 => "C&#46;L&#46; French"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/141.3.640"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "640"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2178528"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/21735115/0000001400000002/v1_201305151451/S217351150870263X/v1_201305151451/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9550"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Case Report&#47;Caso Cl&#237;nico"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001400000002/v1_201305151451/S217351150870263X/v1_201305151451/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217351150870263X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 309-313 (March - April 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 309-313 (March - April 2008)
Full text access
Acalasia do esófago: Diagnóstico diferencial de asma brônquica
Oesophagus achalasia: Differencial diagnosis of asthma
Visits
994
Patrícia Bacellar1, Marta Silva1, Nélia Tinoco2, Francisco Costa2, Helena Rodrigues3
1 Interna Complementar Medicina Interna
2 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia
3 Serviço de Pneumologia/Medicina Interna Hospital São João de Deus, S. A. Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumo

O megaesófago secundário à acalasia é uma causa rara, porém potencialmente fatal de obstrução da via aérea. A etiologia permanece pouco esclarecida. O quadro clínico habitual consiste em disfagia, regurgitação, emagrecimento progressivo, sendo que em alguns casos a distensão esofágica pode ser assintomática e em raros casos os doentes apresentam como queixa principal estridor e dificuldade respiratória.

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de uma jovem de 19 anos, com tosse, dispneia e dificuldade respiratória, em tratamento para asma brônquica. Devido a persistência da sintomatologia, foi efectuado novo estudo da função respiratória, compatível com obstrução intratorácica. A esofagomanometria confirmou o diagnóstico de volumosa acalasia do esófago.

Após a correcção cirúrgica, a sintomatologia desapareceu e houve uma melhoria significativa das provas funcionais respiratórias posteriormente realizadas.

A acalasia do esófago deveria ser considerada como um dos diagnósticos diferencias de obstrução da via aérea.

Palavras-chave:
Obstrução da via aérea
acalasia do esófago
asma brônquica
espirometria
Abstract

Megaoesophagus resulting from achalasia is a rare but serious cause of airway obstruction. The exact aetiology remains unclear.

Achalasia normally presents as weight loss, dysphasia and regurgitation but frequently considerable oesophageal distension can occur without complain and very rarely cause of achalasia presents with stridor or respiratory distress.

The authors presents a 19-year old young lady who had respiratory symptoms and had been treated as a cause of chronic asthma, was found by us to have oesophagus achalasia. She had complained of cough, dispneia and had a pulmonary function studies that showed a severe airway obstruction.

After surgery the symptoms disappeared and she had a marked improvement in the flow-volume curve.

Oesophagus achalasia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of airway obstruction.

Key-words:
Airway obstruction
achalasia
asthma
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia
[1.]
S.P. Dunlop, S.P. Travis.
Achalasia presentig as acute stridor.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9 (1997), pp. 1125-1128
[2.]
H. Hay.
Rapidly development airway obstruction resulting from achalasia of the oesophagus.
Eur J Anaesthesiology, 17 (2000), pp. 398-400
[3.]
J.L. Westbrook.
Oesophageal achalasia causing respiratory obstruction.
Anaesthesia, 47 (1992), pp. 38-40
[4.]
F. Dominguez, F. Hernandez Ranz, D. Boixeda, P. Valdazo.
Acute airway obstruction in achalasia of the oesophagus.
Am J Gastroenterology, 82 (1987), pp. 362-364
[5.]
S. Turkot, B. Golzman, J. Koganm, S. Oren.
Acute upper airway obstruction in a patient with achalasia.
Ann Emerg Med, 29 (1997), pp. 687-689
[6.]
A.P. Kendall, E. Lin.
Respiratory failure as presentation of achalasia of the oesophagus.
Anaestesia, 46 (1991), pp. 1039-1040
[7.]
M.R. Pratter, D.M. Hingston, R.S. Irwin.
Diagnosis of bronchial asthma by clinical evaluation: An unreliable method.
Chest, 84 (1983), pp. 42
[8.]
R.S. Irwin, F.J. Curley, C.L. French.
Chronic cough: The spectrum and the frequency of causes, key and components of the diagnostic evaluation, and outcome of specific therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. 640
Copyright © 2008. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?