array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173511510700488"
  "issn" => "21735115"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(10)70048-8"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
  "aid" => "70048"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2010"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2010;16:431-51"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3204
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 210
      "HTML" => 1845
      "PDF" => 1149
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S217351151070049X"
    "issn" => "21735115"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(10)70049-X"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70049"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2010;16:453-62"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4062
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 231
        "HTML" => 2689
        "PDF" => 1142
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>"
      "titulo" => "Carcinoma epiderm&#243;ide do pulm&#227;o&#58; Polissomia e amplifica&#231;&#227;o do cromossoma 7 e do gene EGRF com forma wild type nos ex&#245;es 19 e 21"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "453"
          "paginaFinal" => "462"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Polysomy and amplification of chromosome 7 defined for EGFR gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung together with exons 19 and 21 wild type"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Patr&#237;cia Couceiro, V&#237;tor Sousa, Ana Alarc&#227;o, Maria Silva, Lina Carvalho"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Patr&#237;cia"
              "apellidos" => "Couceiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#237;tor"
              "apellidos" => "Sousa"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana"
              "apellidos" => "Alarc&#227;o"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria"
              "apellidos" => "Silva"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Lina"
              "apellidos" => "Carvalho"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217351151070049X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/21735115/0000001600000003/v1_201305151528/S217351151070049X/v1_201305151528/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173511510700476"
    "issn" => "21735115"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(10)70047-6"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70047"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2010;16:419-30"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3683
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 223
        "HTML" => 2249
        "PDF" => 1211
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Factores de risco de displasia broncopulmonar em cinco unidades portuguesas de cuidados intensivos neonatais"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "419"
          "paginaFinal" => "430"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Herc&#237;lia Guimar&#227;es, Gustavo Rocha, Gabriela Vasconcellos, Elisa Proen&#231;a, Maria Lu&#237;sa Carreira, Maria do Ros&#225;rio Sossai, Benvinda Morais, Isabel Martins, Teresa Rodrigues, Milton Severo"
          "autores" => array:10 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Herc&#237;lia"
              "apellidos" => "Guimar&#227;es"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gustavo"
              "apellidos" => "Rocha"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gabriela"
              "apellidos" => "Vasconcellos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Elisa"
              "apellidos" => "Proen&#231;a"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria"
              "apellidos" => "Lu&#237;sa Carreira"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria"
              "apellidos" => "do Ros&#225;rio Sossai"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Benvinda"
              "apellidos" => "Morais"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Isabel"
              "apellidos" => "Martins"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Teresa"
              "apellidos" => "Rodrigues"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Milton"
              "apellidos" => "Severo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511510700476?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/21735115/0000001600000003/v1_201305151528/S2173511510700476/v1_201305151528/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Reac&#231;&#245;es adversas aos antibacilares em doentes internados&#58; Gravidade e factores de risco"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "431"
        "paginaFinal" => "451"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Ana Sofia Vilari&#231;a, Nelson Diogo, Mota Andr&#233;, Jaime Pina"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Ana"
            "apellidos" => "Sofia Vilari&#231;a"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "anasofia&#46;vilarica&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Nelson"
            "apellidos" => "Diogo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mota"
            "apellidos" => "Andr&#233;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jaime"
            "apellidos" => "Pina"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Interna do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resident&#44; Pulmonology</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Specialist&#44; Consultant&#44; Pulmonology</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Chefe de Servi&#231;o Hospitalar de Pneumologia e Director do Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia III&#44; do Hospital de Pulido Valente&#44; Lisboa&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Head&#44; Hospital Pulmonology Unit and irector&#44; Pulmonolgy Unit III&#44; Hospital de Pulido Valente&#44; Lisbon</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia III Hospital de Pulido Valente&#44; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte&#44; Lisboa Alameda das Linhas de Torres&#44; 117&#44; 1769-001 Lisboa&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in in-hospital patients&#58; Severity and risk factors"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2009-07-31"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2009-11-05"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chaves"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160803"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tuberculose"
            1 => "reac&#231;&#227;o adversa &#40;RA&#41;"
            2 => "antibacilares"
            3 => "infec&#231;&#227;o VIH"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key-words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160802"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tuberculosis"
            1 => "adverse reaction &#40;AR&#41;"
            2 => "antituberculosis drug"
            3 => "HIV infection"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Atendendo &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> &#40;MT&#41;&#44; o tratamento da tuberculose &#40;TB&#41; &#233; feito com uma associa&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;rios f&#225;rmacos&#44; por um per&#237;odo de tempo alargado &#40;&#8805; a 6 meses&#41;&#44; cada um com potencial para provocar reac&#231;&#245;es adversas &#40;RA&#41;&#46; Estas podem acompanhar-se de significativa morbilidade e comprometer o tratamento da TB&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a incid&#234;ncia&#44; a gravidade e os factores de risco das principais RA induzidas pelos antibacilares&#44; em doentes internados com TB em tratamento&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise retrospectiva dos registos cl&#237;nicos dos doentes internados no Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia III do Hospital de Pulido Valente com tuberculose activa&#44; medicados com antibacilares&#44; durante o per&#237;odo de Abril de 1999 a Julho de 2007&#46; Foram registadas as RA que resultaram em modifica&#231;&#227;o ou descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento ou que foram a causa de internamento&#46; As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e os dados cl&#237;nicos dos doentes foram usados como vari&#225;veis independentes&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis independentes e a frequ&#234;ncia e gravidade das RA foi feita atrav&#233;s de uma an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; utilizando um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">one-way</span> ANOVA e regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o utilizada para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi o programa SPSS &#40;Statistical Package for the Social Sciences&#41;&#44; vers&#227;o 15&#46;0&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dos 1400 doentes internados e tratados por TB activa entre 1999 e 2007&#44; 175 doentes &#40;12&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; 118 homens e 57 mulheres&#44; apresentaram pelo menos uma RA induzida pelos antibacilares&#44; num total de 192 eventos&#46; A hepatotoxicidade foi a RA mais prevalente &#40;83&#47;47&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; seguindo-se a reac&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea &#40;55&#47;31&#44;4&#37;&#41; e a intoler&#226;ncia gastrintestinal &#40;24&#47;13&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Em 76 doen tes &#40;43&#44;4&#37;&#41; as RA causaram o prolongamento do internamento&#46; Constatou-se que a demora m&#233;dia do grupo de doentes com RA foi de 58&#44;4 dias&#46; Esta demora m&#233;dia apresentou diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; demora m&#233;dia dos doentes sem RA&#44; que foi de 26 dias&#46; Os f&#225;rmacos mais implicados foram a isoniazida &#40;62&#44;2&#37;&#41; e a rifampicina &#40;51&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Dos 134 casos em que foi poss&#237;vel caracterizar a gravidade das RA&#44; em 106 casos &#40;79&#37;&#41; houve necessidade de suspens&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o causal f&#225;rmaco-RA foi definitiva em 23 casos &#40;17&#37;&#41;&#46; Dos 13 doentes &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41; que faleceram&#44; em 6 &#40;4&#44;4&#37;&#41; a RA esteve directamente implicada na causa de morte&#46; A ocorr&#234;ncia de qualquer RA foi associada ao alcoolismo &#40;risco relativo &#91;RR&#93; de 3&#44;0&#59; 95&#37; de intervalo confian&#231;a &#91;IC&#93;&#44; 1&#44;1&#8211;7&#44;9&#41; e aos n&#237;veis de CD4 &#60; 350 c&#233;lulas&#47; mm3 &#40;&#91;RR&#93; de 2&#44;6 &#59; &#91;IC&#93;&#44; 1&#44;4&#8211;5&#41;&#46; No modelo preditivo&#44; as reac&#231;&#245;es hep&#225;ticas foram associadas &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de hepatites virais B e&#47;ou C &#40;&#91;RR&#93; de 2&#44;5&#59; &#91;IC&#93;&#44; 1&#44;2&#8211;5&#44;1&#41; e aos n&#237;veis de CD4 &#60; 350 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;&#91;RR&#93; de 5&#44;5&#59; &#91;IC&#93;&#44; 1&#44;6&#8211;18&#44;6&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os antibacilares est&#227;o associados a um n&#250;mero significativo de RA que podem condicionar grande morbilidade&#44; prolongamento do internamento e mesmo alguma mortalidade&#46; Os nossos resultados mostram que o alcoolismo e os n&#237;veis de CD4 &#60;350 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> foram significativamente associados a um elevado risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de qualquer RA e que as hepatites B e C e os n&#237;veis de CD4 &#60; 350 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> foram associados&#44; tamb&#233;m de forma significativa&#44; ao risco de RA hep&#225;ticas&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Given <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>&#39;s characteristics&#44; the treatment of tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; infection is administered over a long period of time &#40;for six months or more&#41; with a combination of several drugs which could cause adverse reactions &#40;AR&#41;&#46; These can cause significant morbidity and compromise tuberculosis treatment regimens&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the incidence and severity of and risk factors for major adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in in-hospital patients treated for active tuberculosis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients admitted to Pulido Valente Hospital &#40;Pulmonology Unit III&#41; with active TB treated with anti-tuberculosis agents April 1999 to July 2007&#46; Adverse reactions resulting in modification or discontinuation of treatment or hospital admission were recorded&#46;</p><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients&#8217; demographic characteristics and clinical data were used as independent variables&#46; The relationship between independent variables and the frequency and severity of AR was studied using multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model&#46; The data were analysed using the Student t test&#44; one-way ANOVA and logistic regression&#46; Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS &#40;Statistical Package for the Social Sciences&#41; version 15&#46;0&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We recorded 1400 in-hospital patients treated for active TB 1999 to 2007&#44; of which 175 patients &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; 118 male and 57 female&#44; had at least one AR induced by antituberculosis agents&#44; to a total of 192 events&#46; Hepatotoxicity was the most prevalent AR &#40;83&#47;47&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by skin reactions &#40;55&#47;31&#46;4&#37;&#41; and gastrointestinal intolerance &#40;24&#47;13&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; In 76 patients &#40;43&#46;4&#37;&#41; AR caused prolonged hospital stay&#46; Statistically significant differences &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001&#41; were observed in the average hospital stay &#40;58&#46;4 days for patients with AR and 26 days for patients without AR&#41;&#46; Isoniazid &#40;62&#46;2&#37;&#41; and rifampicin &#40;51&#46;9&#37;&#41; were the most frequently implicated drugs&#46; It was possible to characterise the AR severity in 134 cases&#46; In 106 cases &#40;79&#37;&#41; AR resulted in discontinuation of the drug&#46; The relationship between drug and AR was definitive in 23 cases &#40;17&#37;&#41;&#46; Of the 13 patients &#40;9&#46;6&#37;&#41; who died&#44; AR was directly implicated in the cause of death in six &#40;4&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; AR were associated with alcoholism &#40;relative risk &#91;RR&#93; 3&#46;0&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 1&#46;1&#8211;7&#46;9&#41; and CD4 levels &#60;350 cells&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;RR 2&#46;6&#59; CI 1&#46;4&#8211;5&#41;&#46; In the predictive model&#44; hepatic reactions were associated with viral hepatitis B and&#47;or C &#40;RR 2&#46;5&#44; CI&#59; 1&#46;2&#8211;5&#46;1&#41; and that CD4 levels &#60;350 cells&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;RR 5&#46;5&#59; CI 1&#46;6&#8211;18&#46;6&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Antituberculosis drugs are associated with a significant number of AR that can cause significant morbidity&#44; prolonged hospital stay and even death&#46; Our results show that alcoholism and levels of CD4 &#60;350 cells&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> were significantly associated with a high risk of AR and hepatitis B and C and levels of CD4 &#60;350 cells&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> were also significantly associated with hepatotoxicity&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia&#47;Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tratamento da tuberculose latente&#44; revis&#227;o das normas&#44; Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Program Abstr 4th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect 4th 1997 Wash DC 1997&#59; 4&#40;186&#41;&#58; abstract no&#46; 659&#170;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mota A&#46; Reac&#231;&#245;es adversas aos antibacilares&#46; 3th Virtual Congress HIV-AIDS&#44; 2002&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HIV-TB coinfection&#58; epidemiology&#44; diagnosis management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;K&#46; Sharma"
                            1 => "A&#46; Mohan"
                            2 => "T&#46; Kadhiravan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Med Res"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "550"
                        "paginaFinal" => "567"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817963"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adverse reactions to first-line antituberculosis drugs"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46;J&#46; Forget"
                            1 => "D&#46; Menzies"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1517/14740338.5.2.231"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Expert Opin Drug Saf"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "numero" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "231"
                        "paginaFinal" => "249"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16503745"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of serious effects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Yee"
                            1 => "C&#46; Valiquette"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pelletier"
                            3 => "I&#46; Parisiene"
                            4 => "I&#46; Rocher"
                            5 => "D&#46; Menzies"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200206-626OC"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "167"
                        "numero" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1472"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1477"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12569078"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Side effects due to pri-mary antituberculosis drugs during the initial phase of therapy in 1149 hospitalized patients for tuberculosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "B&#46;E&#46; Gulbay"
                            1 => "O&#46;U&#46; Gurkan"
                            2 => "A&#46;O&#46; Yildiz"
                            3 => "Z&#46;P&#46; Onen"
                            4 => "F&#46;O&#46; Erkekol"
                            5 => "A&#46; Ba&#231;&#231;ioglu"
                            6 => "T&#46; Acican"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.014"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "numero" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1834"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1842"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16517138"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ana Maria Correia&#44; Lu&#237;s Castro&#46; Epidemiologia da Tuberculose em Portugal-Perspectiva epidemiol&#243;gica&#46; Actualiza&#231;&#227;o em tuberculose&#46; II Curso de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o da Escola de Pneumologia da SPP&#44; 2006&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tolerability of antituberculosis treatment and HIV serostatus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Lanternier"
                            1 => "C&#46; Dalban"
                            2 => "L&#46; Perez"
                            3 => "F&#46; Bricaire"
                            4 => "D&#46; Costagliola"
                            5 => "E&#46; Caumes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "numero" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1203"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1209"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17958982"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Analysis of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients at university Hospital in Rio de Janeiro"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Cantalice"
                            1 => "M&#46;N&#46; B&#243;ia"
                            2 => "C&#46;C&#46; Sant Anna"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brazil&#46; J Bras Pneumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "691"
                        "paginaFinal" => "698"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anti-tuberculosis therapy-induced hepatotoxicity among Ethiopian HIV-positive and negative patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Yimer"
                            1 => "G&#46; Aderaye"
                            2 => "W&#46; Amogne"
                            3 => "E&#46; Makonnen"
                            4 => "E&#46; Aklillu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0001809"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS ONE"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e1809"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350147"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "on behalf of the ATS Hepatotoxicity of Antituberculosis Therapy Subcommittee"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:13 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J Saukkonen"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Cohn"
                            2 => "R&#46;M&#46; Jasmer"
                            3 => "S&#46; Schenker"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Jereb"
                            5 => "C&#46;M&#46; Nolan"
                            6 => "C&#46;A&#46; Peloquin"
                            7 => "F&#46;M&#46; Gordin"
                            8 => "D&#46; Nunes"
                            9 => "D&#46;B&#46; Strader"
                            10 => "J&#46; Bernardo"
                            11 => "R&#46; Venkataramanan"
                            12 => "T&#46;R&#46; Sterling"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Cril Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "174"
                        "paginaInicial" => "935"
                        "paginaFinal" => "952"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:2 [
                0 => null
                1 => null
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The hepatotoxicity of tuberculosis treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Vidal Pla"
                            1 => "X&#46; de Garcia"
                            2 => "B&#46; Gallego"
                            3 => "C&#46; Alguer&#243;"
                            4 => "C&#46; Bravo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "numero" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "481"
                        "paginaFinal" => "485"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antituberculosis drugs and hepatotoxicity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "W&#46;W&#46; Yew"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46; Leung"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00941.x"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respirology"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "699"
                        "paginaFinal" => "707"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052297"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "numero" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "868"
                        "paginaFinal" => "875"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17705952"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anti-tuberculosis therapy-induced hepatotoxicity among Ethiopian HIV-positive and negative patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Yimer"
                            1 => "G&#46; Aderaye"
                            2 => "W&#46; Amogne"
                            3 => "E&#46; Makonnen"
                            4 => "E&#46; Aklillu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0001809"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS ONE"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e1809"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350147"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "HIV Infection and hepatic enzyme abnormalities&#58; Intricacies of the pathogenic mechanisms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Pol"
                            1 => "P&#46; Lebray"
                            2 => "A&#46; Vallet-Pichard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clinical Infectious Diseases"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "72"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Hoffmann"
                            1 => "J&#46;K&#46; Rockstroh"
                            2 => "B&#46;S&#46; Kamps"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "HIV Medicine"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "paginaInicial" => "395"
                        "paginaFinal" => "480"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adverse drug reactions in adult medical inpatients in a South African hospital serving a community with a high HIV&#47;AIDS prevalence&#58; prospective observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Mehta"
                            1 => "D&#46;N&#46; Durrheim"
                            2 => "M&#46; Blockman"
                            3 => "T&#46; Kredo"
                            4 => "R&#46; Gounden"
                            5 => "K&#46;I&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Clin Pharmacol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "numero" => "3"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of antituberculosis induced adverse reactions in hospitalized patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Gholami"
                            1 => "E&#46; Kamali"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pharmacy Practice"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "134"
                        "paginaFinal" => "138"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adverse reactions of antituberculous agents&#44; especially about its onset and duration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Yamada"
                            1 => "A&#46; Yasuoka"
                            2 => "K&#46; Sasayama"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Kekkaku"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "numero" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "568"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2232434"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adverse reactions of antituberculous agents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Kobashi"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Niki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Kekkaku"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "numero" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "485"
                        "paginaFinal" => "490"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9739581"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/21735115/0000001600000003/v1_201305151528/S2173511510700488/v1_201305151528/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9667"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigo Original"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001600000003/v1_201305151528/S2173511510700488/v1_201305151528/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511510700488?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 431-451 (May - June 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 431-451 (May - June 2010)
Full text access
Reacções adversas aos antibacilares em doentes internados: Gravidade e factores de risco
Adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in in-hospital patients: Severity and risk factors
Visits
1316
Ana Sofia Vilariça1,
Corresponding author
anasofia.vilarica@gmail.com

Serviço de Pneumologia III Hospital de Pulido Valente, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 117, 1769-001 Lisboa.
, Nelson Diogo2, Mota André2, Jaime Pina3
1 Interna do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia/Resident, Pulmonology
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia/Specialist, Consultant, Pulmonology
3 Chefe de Serviço Hospitalar de Pneumologia e Director do Serviço de Pneumologia III, do Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisboa/Head, Hospital Pulmonology Unit and irector, Pulmonolgy Unit III, Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisbon
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumo
Introdução

Atendendo às características do Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), o tratamento da tuberculose (TB) é feito com uma associação de vários fármacos, por um período de tempo alargado (≥ a 6 meses), cada um com potencial para provocar reacções adversas (RA). Estas podem acompanhar-se de significativa morbilidade e comprometer o tratamento da TB.

Objectivos

Determinar a incidência, a gravidade e os factores de risco das principais RA induzidas pelos antibacilares, em doentes internados com TB em tratamento.

Material e métodos

Análise retrospectiva dos registos clínicos dos doentes internados no Serviço de Pneumologia III do Hospital de Pulido Valente com tuberculose activa, medicados com antibacilares, durante o período de Abril de 1999 a Julho de 2007. Foram registadas as RA que resultaram em modificação ou descontinuação do tratamento ou que foram a causa de internamento. As características demográficas e os dados clínicos dos doentes foram usados como variáveis independentes. A relação entre variáveis independentes e a frequência e gravidade das RA foi feita através de uma análise multivariada, utilizando um modelo de regressão logística. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de Student, one-way ANOVA e regressão logística. A aplicação utilizada para a análise estatística foi o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), versão 15.0.

Resultados

Dos 1400 doentes internados e tratados por TB activa entre 1999 e 2007, 175 doentes (12,5%), 118 homens e 57 mulheres, apresentaram pelo menos uma RA induzida pelos antibacilares, num total de 192 eventos. A hepatotoxicidade foi a RA mais prevalente (83/47,4%), seguindo-se a reacção cutânea (55/31,4%) e a intolerância gastrintestinal (24/13,7%). Em 76 doen tes (43,4%) as RA causaram o prolongamento do internamento. Constatou-se que a demora média do grupo de doentes com RA foi de 58,4 dias. Esta demora média apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001) em relação à demora média dos doentes sem RA, que foi de 26 dias. Os fármacos mais implicados foram a isoniazida (62,2%) e a rifampicina (51,9%). Dos 134 casos em que foi possível caracterizar a gravidade das RA, em 106 casos (79%) houve necessidade de suspensão do fármaco. A relação causal fármaco-RA foi definitiva em 23 casos (17%). Dos 13 doentes (9,6%) que faleceram, em 6 (4,4%) a RA esteve directamente implicada na causa de morte. A ocorrência de qualquer RA foi associada ao alcoolismo (risco relativo [RR] de 3,0; 95% de intervalo confiança [IC], 1,1–7,9) e aos níveis de CD4 < 350 células/ mm3 ([RR] de 2,6 ; [IC], 1,4–5). No modelo preditivo, as reacções hepáticas foram associadas à ocorrência de hepatites virais B e/ou C ([RR] de 2,5; [IC], 1,2–5,1) e aos níveis de CD4 < 350 células/mm3 ([RR] de 5,5; [IC], 1,6–18,6).

Conclusões

Os antibacilares estão associados a um número significativo de RA que podem condicionar grande morbilidade, prolongamento do internamento e mesmo alguma mortalidade. Os nossos resultados mostram que o alcoolismo e os níveis de CD4 <350 células/mm3 foram significativamente associados a um elevado risco de ocorrência de qualquer RA e que as hepatites B e C e os níveis de CD4 < 350 células/mm3 foram associados, também de forma significativa, ao risco de RA hepáticas.

Palavras-chaves:
Tuberculose
reacção adversa (RA)
antibacilares
infecção VIH
Abstract
Introduction

Given Mycobacterium tuberculosis's characteristics, the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection is administered over a long period of time (for six months or more) with a combination of several drugs which could cause adverse reactions (AR). These can cause significant morbidity and compromise tuberculosis treatment regimens.

Aim

To determine the incidence and severity of and risk factors for major adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in in-hospital patients treated for active tuberculosis.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients admitted to Pulido Valente Hospital (Pulmonology Unit III) with active TB treated with anti-tuberculosis agents April 1999 to July 2007. Adverse reactions resulting in modification or discontinuation of treatment or hospital admission were recorded.

Patients’ demographic characteristics and clinical data were used as independent variables. The relationship between independent variables and the frequency and severity of AR was studied using multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model. The data were analysed using the Student t test, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 15.0.

Results

We recorded 1400 in-hospital patients treated for active TB 1999 to 2007, of which 175 patients (12.5%), 118 male and 57 female, had at least one AR induced by antituberculosis agents, to a total of 192 events. Hepatotoxicity was the most prevalent AR (83/47.4%), followed by skin reactions (55/31.4%) and gastrointestinal intolerance (24/13.7%). In 76 patients (43.4%) AR caused prolonged hospital stay. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were observed in the average hospital stay (58.4 days for patients with AR and 26 days for patients without AR). Isoniazid (62.2%) and rifampicin (51.9%) were the most frequently implicated drugs. It was possible to characterise the AR severity in 134 cases. In 106 cases (79%) AR resulted in discontinuation of the drug. The relationship between drug and AR was definitive in 23 cases (17%). Of the 13 patients (9.6%) who died, AR was directly implicated in the cause of death in six (4.4%). AR were associated with alcoholism (relative risk [RR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–7.9) and CD4 levels <350 cells/mm3 (RR 2.6; CI 1.4–5). In the predictive model, hepatic reactions were associated with viral hepatitis B and/or C (RR 2.5, CI; 1.2–5.1) and that CD4 levels <350 cells/mm3 (RR 5.5; CI 1.6–18.6).

Conclusions

Antituberculosis drugs are associated with a significant number of AR that can cause significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and even death. Our results show that alcoholism and levels of CD4 <350 cells/mm3 were significantly associated with a high risk of AR and hepatitis B and C and levels of CD4 <350 cells/mm3 were also significantly associated with hepatotoxicity.

Key-words:
Tuberculosis
adverse reaction (AR)
antituberculosis drug
HIV infection
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia/Bibliography
[1.]
Tratamento da tuberculose latente, revisão das normas, Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia.
[2.]
Program Abstr 4th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect 4th 1997 Wash DC 1997; 4(186): abstract no. 659ª.
[3.]
Mota A. Reacções adversas aos antibacilares. 3th Virtual Congress HIV-AIDS, 2002.
[4.]
S.K. Sharma, A. Mohan, T. Kadhiravan.
HIV-TB coinfection: epidemiology, diagnosis management.
Indian J Med Res, 121 (2005), pp. 550-567
[5.]
E.J. Forget, D. Menzies.
Adverse reactions to first-line antituberculosis drugs.
Expert Opin Drug Saf, 5 (2006), pp. 231-249
[6.]
D. Yee, C. Valiquette, M. Pelletier, I. Parisiene, I. Rocher, D. Menzies.
Incidence of serious effects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 1472-1477
[7.]
B.E. Gulbay, O.U. Gurkan, A.O. Yildiz, Z.P. Onen, F.O. Erkekol, A. Baççioglu, T. Acican.
Side effects due to pri-mary antituberculosis drugs during the initial phase of therapy in 1149 hospitalized patients for tuberculosis.
Respir Med, 100 (2006), pp. 1834-1842
[8.]
Ana Maria Correia, Luís Castro. Epidemiologia da Tuberculose em Portugal-Perspectiva epidemiológica. Actualização em tuberculose. II Curso de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Pneumologia da SPP, 2006.
[9.]
F. Lanternier, C. Dalban, L. Perez, F. Bricaire, D. Costagliola, E. Caumes.
Tolerability of antituberculosis treatment and HIV serostatus.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 11 (2007), pp. 1203-1209
[10.]
J.P. Cantalice, M.N. Bóia, C.C. Sant Anna.
Analysis of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients at university Hospital in Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil. J Bras Pneumol, 33 (2007), pp. 691-698
[11.]
G. Yimer, G. Aderaye, W. Amogne, E. Makonnen, E. Aklillu, et al.
Anti-tuberculosis therapy-induced hepatotoxicity among Ethiopian HIV-positive and negative patients.
[12.]
J.J Saukkonen, D.L. Cohn, R.M. Jasmer, S. Schenker, J.A. Jereb, C.M. Nolan, C.A. Peloquin, F.M. Gordin, D. Nunes, D.B. Strader, J. Bernardo, R. Venkataramanan, T.R. Sterling.
on behalf of the ATS Hepatotoxicity of Antituberculosis Therapy Subcommittee.
Am J Respir Cril Care Med, 174 (2006), pp. 935-952
[14.]
R. Vidal Pla, X. de Garcia, B. Gallego, C. Algueró, C. Bravo.
The hepatotoxicity of tuberculosis treatment.
Med Clin (Barc), 97 (1991), pp. 481-485
[15.]
W.W. Yew, C.C. Leung.
Antituberculosis drugs and hepatotoxicity.
Respirology, 11 (2006), pp. 699-707
[16.]
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 11 (2007), pp. 868-875
[17.]
G. Yimer, G. Aderaye, W. Amogne, E. Makonnen, E. Aklillu, et al.
Anti-tuberculosis therapy-induced hepatotoxicity among Ethiopian HIV-positive and negative patients.
[18.]
S. Pol, P. Lebray, A. Vallet-Pichard.
HIV Infection and hepatic enzyme abnormalities: Intricacies of the pathogenic mechanisms.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38 (2004), pp. 65-72
[19.]
C. Hoffmann, J.K. Rockstroh, B.S. Kamps.
HIV Medicine, (2006), pp. 395-480
[20.]
U. Mehta, D.N. Durrheim, M. Blockman, T. Kredo, R. Gounden, K.I. Barnes.
Adverse drug reactions in adult medical inpatients in a South African hospital serving a community with a high HIV/AIDS prevalence: prospective observational study.
Br J Clin Pharmacol, 65 (2008),
[21.]
K. Gholami, E. Kamali, et al.
Evaluation of antituberculosis induced adverse reactions in hospitalized patients.
Pharmacy Practice, 4 (2006), pp. 134-138
[22.]
H. Yamada, A. Yasuoka, K. Sasayama, et al.
Adverse reactions of antituberculous agents, especially about its onset and duration.
Kekkaku, 65 (1990), pp. 563-568
[23.]
Y. Kobashi, Y. Niki, et al.
Adverse reactions of antituberculous agents.
Kekkaku, 73 (1998), pp. 485-490
Copyright © 2010. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?