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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introdu&#231;&#227;o&#58;</span> A preval&#234;ncia de fumadores tem diminu&#237;do na Europa Ocidental&#44; observando-se j&#225; o decl&#237;nio da mortalidade por cancro do pulm&#227;o&#46; Contudo&#44; at&#233; 1998 n&#227;o se observava ainda um decr&#233;scimo da frequ&#234;ncia deste cancro em Portugal&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectivo&#58;</span> Descrever a tend&#234;ncia secular da mortalidade por cancro do pulm&#227;o em Portugal&#46;</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todos&#58;</span> As taxas de mortalidade por cancro do pulm&#227;o &#40;ICD10&#58;C33-34&#41; em Portugal&#44; entre 1955 e 2005&#44; por sexo e grupo et&#225;rio &#40;5 anos de amplitude&#41;&#44; obtiveram-se atrav&#233;s da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de e do Instituto Nacional de Estat&#237;stica&#46; Calcularam-se taxas de mortalidade padronizadas &#40;m&#233;todo directo&#44; popula&#231;&#227;o mundial&#41;&#44; para os grupos et&#225;rios 35-74&#47;35-44&#47;45-54&#47;55-64&#47;65-74 anos&#46; Realizou-se uma regress&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> para calcular a varia&#231;&#227;o anual percentual &#40;VA&#37;&#41; da mortalidade e identificar eventuais pontos de inflex&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Entre 1955 e 2005&#44; em homens dos 35 aos 74 anos&#44; observou-se uma estabiliza&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por cancro do pulm&#227;o&#44; variando 3&#44;77&#37;&#47;ano &#40;intervalo de confian&#231;a a 95&#37; &#91;IC95&#37;&#93;&#58; 3&#44;53&#59; 4&#44;01&#41; entre 1955 e 1986 e -0&#44;15&#37;&#47;ano &#40;IC95&#37;&#58; -0&#44;99&#59; 0&#44;69&#41; entre 1996 e 2005&#46; Observaram-se estimativas pontuais da VA&#37; negativas &#40;n&#227;o significativamente inferiores a zero&#41; nas tend&#234;ncias mais recentes de todos os grupos et&#225;rios&#44; excepto no grupo 45-54 anos&#44; onde apenas se verificou uma desacelera&#231;&#227;o da VA&#37; desde 1981&#46; Em mulheres entre 35 e 74 anos&#44; a mortalidade aumentou 1&#44;60&#37;&#47;ano &#40;IC95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;40&#59; 1&#44;77&#41; entre 1955 e 2005&#46;</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#227;o&#58;</span> Observou-se uma estabiliza&#231;&#227;o das taxas de mortalidade por cancro do pulm&#227;o nos homens&#44; enquanto nas mulheres esta aumentou de forma constante&#46; Estes resultados colocam Portugal no final do terceiro est&#225;dio da epidemia tab&#225;gica&#46;</p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009&#59; XV &#40;4&#41;&#58; 575-587</span></p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introduction&#58;</span> While the rate of smoking and lung cancer mortality has been decreasing in western Europe&#44; there was no decline in lung cancer mortality in Portugal until 1998&#46;</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Aim&#58;</span> To describe lung cancer mortality trends in Portugal&#46;</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> Lung cancer mortality rates &#40;International Disease Classification 10&#58; C33-34&#41; in Portugal 1955-2005 by gender and 5-year age groupings were provided by the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Statistics&#46; Standard mortality rates &#40;direct method&#44; world population&#41; were calculated for the 35-74&#44; 35-44&#44; 45-54&#44; 55-64 and 65-74 year-old age groups&#46; Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the annual percent change &#40;APC&#41; in mortality and to identify any inflection points&#46;</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Between 1955 and 2005 we observed a stabilisation in lung cancer mortality in men aged 35-74 years old&#44; varying 3&#46;77&#37;&#47;year &#40;95&#37; confidence interval &#91;95&#37;CI&#93;&#58; 3&#46;53-4&#46;01&#41; in 1955-1986 and -0&#46;15&#37;&#47;year &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; -0&#46;99-0&#46;69&#41; in 1996-2005&#46; We observed negative APC point estimates &#40;with none significantly below zero&#41; in the most recent trends except for the 45-54 age group&#44; where we only noted an APC deceleration since 1981&#46; The mortality increased 1&#46;60&#37;&#47;year &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; 1&#46;40-1&#46;77&#41; in women aged 35-74 years old 1955-2005&#46;</p><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusion&#58;</span> In the last two decades we observed a lung cancer mortality stabilisation in males&#44; whereas mortality in females increased continuously&#46; These results place Portugal at the end of the third stage of the smoking epidemic&#46;</p><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009&#59; XV &#40;4&#41;&#58; 575-587</span></p></span>"
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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 575-587 (July - August 2009)
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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 575-587 (July - August 2009)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Evolução da mortalidade por cancro do pulmão em Portugal (1955-2005)
Trends in lung cancer mortality in Portugal (1955-2005)
Visits
6004
Luís Alves1,2,3,
Corresponding author
lalves@med.up.pt

Correspondência/Correspondence to: Luís Alves Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, Telefone: +351225513652 Fax: +351225513653.
, Joana Bastos1,3, Nuno Lunet1,3
1 Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal/Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
2 Unidade de Saúde Familiar Santo André de Canidelo, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal/Santo André de Canidelo Family Health Unit, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
3 Instituto de Saúde Publica da Universidade do Porto (ISPUP), Portugal/Institute of Public Health, Universidade do Porto(ISPUP), Portugal
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Resumo

Introdução: A prevalência de fumadores tem diminuído na Europa Ocidental, observando-se já o declínio da mortalidade por cancro do pulmão. Contudo, até 1998 não se observava ainda um decréscimo da frequência deste cancro em Portugal.

Objectivo: Descrever a tendência secular da mortalidade por cancro do pulmão em Portugal.

Métodos: As taxas de mortalidade por cancro do pulmão (ICD10:C33-34) em Portugal, entre 1955 e 2005, por sexo e grupo etário (5 anos de amplitude), obtiveram-se através da Organização Mundial de Saúde e do Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Calcularam-se taxas de mortalidade padronizadas (método directo, população mundial), para os grupos etários 35-74/35-44/45-54/55-64/65-74 anos. Realizou-se uma regressão joinpoint para calcular a variação anual percentual (VA%) da mortalidade e identificar eventuais pontos de inflexão.

Resultados: Entre 1955 e 2005, em homens dos 35 aos 74 anos, observou-se uma estabilização da mortalidade por cancro do pulmão, variando 3,77%/ano (intervalo de confiança a 95% [IC95%]: 3,53; 4,01) entre 1955 e 1986 e -0,15%/ano (IC95%: -0,99; 0,69) entre 1996 e 2005. Observaram-se estimativas pontuais da VA% negativas (não significativamente inferiores a zero) nas tendências mais recentes de todos os grupos etários, excepto no grupo 45-54 anos, onde apenas se verificou uma desaceleração da VA% desde 1981. Em mulheres entre 35 e 74 anos, a mortalidade aumentou 1,60%/ano (IC95%: 1,40; 1,77) entre 1955 e 2005.

Conclusão: Observou-se uma estabilização das taxas de mortalidade por cancro do pulmão nos homens, enquanto nas mulheres esta aumentou de forma constante. Estes resultados colocam Portugal no final do terceiro estádio da epidemia tabágica.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (4): 575-587

Palavras-chave:
Cancro do pulmão
mortalidade
tendência
epidemiologia
tabagismo
epidemia tabágica
Portugal
Abstract

Introduction: While the rate of smoking and lung cancer mortality has been decreasing in western Europe, there was no decline in lung cancer mortality in Portugal until 1998.

Aim: To describe lung cancer mortality trends in Portugal.

Methods: Lung cancer mortality rates (International Disease Classification 10: C33-34) in Portugal 1955-2005 by gender and 5-year age groupings were provided by the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Statistics. Standard mortality rates (direct method, world population) were calculated for the 35-74, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 year-old age groups. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the annual percent change (APC) in mortality and to identify any inflection points.

Results: Between 1955 and 2005 we observed a stabilisation in lung cancer mortality in men aged 35-74 years old, varying 3.77%/year (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.53-4.01) in 1955-1986 and -0.15%/year (95%CI: -0.99-0.69) in 1996-2005. We observed negative APC point estimates (with none significantly below zero) in the most recent trends except for the 45-54 age group, where we only noted an APC deceleration since 1981. The mortality increased 1.60%/year (95%CI: 1.40-1.77) in women aged 35-74 years old 1955-2005.

Conclusion: In the last two decades we observed a lung cancer mortality stabilisation in males, whereas mortality in females increased continuously. These results place Portugal at the end of the third stage of the smoking epidemic.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (4): 575-587

Key-words:
Lung cancer
mortality
trends
epidemiology
smoking
tobacco epidemics
Portugal
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