array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0873215915302312"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30231-2"
  "estado" => "S350"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
  "aid" => "4"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2008"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:219-30"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2618
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 223
      "HTML" => 1729
      "PDF" => 666
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915302324"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30232-4"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
    "aid" => "5"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:231-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2552
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 225
        "HTML" => 1693
        "PDF" => 634
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos e conhecimento dos riscos do tabagismo em fun&#231;&#227;o da forma&#231;&#227;o acad&#233;mica em estudantes universit&#225;rios"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "231"
          "paginaFinal" => "238"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Smoking habits and awareness of smoking risks depending on academic background in university students"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Sandra Saleiro, Carla Damas, Isabel Gomes"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sandra"
              "apellidos" => "Saleiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carla"
              "apellidos" => "Damas"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Isabel"
              "apellidos" => "Gomes"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302324?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302324/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0873215915302300"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30230-0"
    "estado" => "S350"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01"
    "aid" => "3"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia&#47;SPP"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:195-218"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3149
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 236
        "HTML" => 2266
        "PDF" => 647
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Medi&#231;&#227;o do &#243;xido n&#237;trico no ar exalado&#58; Utiliza&#231;&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o de crian&#231;as com hist&#243;ria de sibil&#226;ncia"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "195"
          "paginaFinal" => "218"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "The clinical use of exhaled nitric oxide in wheezing children"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Pedro Martins, Iolanda Caires, Jos&#233; Rosado Pinto, Pedro Lopes da Mata, Sim&#245;es Torres, Joana Valente, Carlos Borrego, Nuno Neuparth"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pedro"
              "apellidos" => "Martins"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Iolanda"
              "apellidos" => "Caires"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Rosado"
              "apellidos" => "Pinto"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pedro Lopes"
              "apellidos" => "da Mata"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sim&#245;es"
              "apellidos" => "Torres"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joana"
              "apellidos" => "Valente"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Borrego"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Nuno"
              "apellidos" => "Neuparth"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302300?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302300/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "pt" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original&#47;Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos em alunos do 6&#46;&#186; ano de Medicina e medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "219"
        "paginaFinal" => "230"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Andr&#233; Borges, Filipa Marques, Jos&#233; Lima, Lu&#237;s Costa, Patr&#237;cia Gon&#231;alves, Rui Fernandes, N&#237;dia Gon&#231;alves"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Andr&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Borges"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Filipa"
            "apellidos" => "Marques"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Lima"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Lu&#237;s"
            "apellidos" => "Costa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Patr&#237;cia"
            "apellidos" => "Gon&#231;alves"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Rui"
            "apellidos" => "Fernandes"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "N&#237;dia"
            "apellidos" => "Gon&#231;alves"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "dspublica&#64;fcm&#46;unl&#46;pt"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "af0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cr0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Alunos do 6&#46;&#186; ano de Medicina&#44; da Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Lisboa &#47; 6<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> year medical students&#44; Lisbon School of Medicine"
            "etiqueta" => "1"
            "identificador" => "af0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Assistente convidada do Departamento Universit&#225;rio de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica&#44; da Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Lisboa &#47; Guest Professor&#44; University Department of Public Health&#44; Lisbon School of Sciences"
            "etiqueta" => "2"
            "identificador" => "af0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cr0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Departamento Universit&#225;rio de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica &#47; University Department of Public Health&#44; Director&#58; Prof&#46; Doutor Jorge Manuel Torgal Dias Garcia&#44; Morada &#47; Address&#58; Campo dos M&#225;rtires da P&#225;tria&#44; 130&#46; 1169-056 Lisboa - Portugal&#44; Telefones&#58; &#40;351&#41; 218 803 060&#44; &#40;351&#41; 218 803 000 &#40;ext&#46; 25458&#41;&#44; Fax&#58; &#40;351&#41; 218 875 545"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Smoking habits of sixth year medical students and anti-smoking measures in Portugal"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2007-06-01"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-01-08"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570401"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Alunos de Medicina"
            1 => "h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos"
            2 => "medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas"
            3 => "educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key-words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570402"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Medical students"
            1 => "smoking habits"
            2 => "smoking ban"
            3 => "medical education"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectivos&#58;</span> Estudar os h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; caracterizar o conhecimento&#44; a aceita&#231;&#227;o de medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas e as expectativas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao impacto destas na sa&#250;de p&#250;blica em alunos do 6&#46;&#186; ano de Medicina&#44; em Portugal&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Material e m&#233;todos&#58;</span> Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal&#44; cuja popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo foram os alunos de Medicina do sexto ano em Portugal&#46; Foi utilizado um question&#225;rio auto-preenchido&#44; an&#243;nimo&#44; disponibilizado numa p&#225;gina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online&#44;</span> que divulg&#225;mos por correio electr&#243;nico&#46; Para a an&#225;lise de algumas vari&#225;veis&#44; utiliz&#225;mos tabelas de conting&#234;ncia e a prova do &#967;2&#44; com n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Obtivemos 255 question&#225;rios v&#225;lidos&#46; A taxa de fumadores foi de 18&#44;04&#37;&#46; O consumo de cigarros mais frequente foi entre 1-10&#44; sendo mais elevado entre os homens&#46; A idade de in&#237;cio da maioria foi entre 13-18 anos&#44; com as mulheres a come&#231;arem mais tarde&#46; Dos fumadores&#44; 36&#44;96&#37; j&#225; fizeram uma tentativa de cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica&#46; A maioria dos inquiridos concorda com as medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas inquiridas e considera que ir&#227;o diminuir o consumo e a morbimortalidade da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#46; A forma&#231;&#227;o sobre cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica foi considerada suficiente por 34&#44;90&#37;&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#58;</span> Os resultados obtidos est&#227;o de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#44; nomeadamente quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia de fumadores&#44; idade de in&#237;cio do consumo de tabaco e elevada preval&#234;ncia de mulheres fumadoras&#46; As medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas parecem reunir consenso&#44; segundo a nossa amostra&#44; que tamb&#233;m espera uma redu&#231;&#227;o do consumo geral e individual&#44; assim como da morbimortalidade&#46;</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIV &#40;2&#41;&#58; 219-230</span></p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectives&#58;</span> To study the smoking habits of 6th year Portuguese medical students and assess their knowledge and acceptance of anti-smoking measures and how they felt these would impact on public health&#46;</p><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Material and methods&#58;</span> We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study&#44; in which a self-administered&#44; anonymous questionnaire was made available online to the target population &#40;6th year Portuguese medical students&#41;&#46; The relationships between some of the variables were analysed using contingency tables and the &#967;2 test&#44; with p&#60;0&#46;05 taken as statistically significant&#46;</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> We obtained 255 answers to our questionnaire&#46; We found an 18&#46;04&#37; prevalence of smokers&#46; The majority of smokers smoked 1 - 10 cigarettes per day&#44; with men smoking more&#44; and most of them had begun their habit between 13 and 18 years of age&#44; with women beginning later&#46; 36&#46;96&#37; of smokers had already made an attempt to quit smoking&#46;</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The great majority of the respondents agreed with the anti-smoking measures listed in the questionnaire&#46; Furthermore&#44; they expected these measures to have a positive impact on smoking and on smoking-related morbidity and mortality&#46; Only 34&#46;90&#37; of the students judged smoking cessation to be sufficiently taught in their curricula&#46;</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conclusions&#58; The results are in accordance with the population in general in terms of the prevalence of smokers&#44; the age of beginning smoking and a high prevalence of women smokers&#46; There appears to be across-the-board agreement with anti-smoking measures&#44; along with hope for a reduced general and individual consumption and morbi-mortality&#46;</p><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIV &#40;2&#41;&#58; 219-230</span></p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "vista" => "all"
        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia &#47; Bibliography</span>"
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0005"
                "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "World Health Organization"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:2 [
                          "titulo" => "European country profiles on Tobacco Control"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              1 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0010"
                "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "World Health Organization"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:4 [
                          "titulo" => "Tobacco Control Research&#46; Confronting the Epidemic&#58; A Global Agenda for Tobacco Control Research"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "editorial" => "WHO"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              2 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0015"
                "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Evolu&#231;&#227;o da Epidemia Tab&#225;gica em Adolescentes portugueses escolarizados e vias para o seu controlo &#8211; Uma an&#225;lise baseada dos dados do Health Behaviour in School-aged children &#40;HBSC&#41;"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Macedo"
                              1 => "J&#46; Precioso"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol"
                          "fecha" => "2006"
                          "volumen" => "XII"
                          "numero" => "5"
                          "paginaInicial" => "525"
                          "paginaFinal" => "538"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              3 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0020"
                "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Instituto Nacional de Sa&#250;de Dr&#46; Ricardo Jorge&#46; Inqu&#233;rito Nacional de Sa&#250;de 1998&#47;99"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:3 [
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "editorial" => "Lisboa"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Observat&#243;rio Nacional de Sa&#250;de"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              4 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0025"
                "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Smoking cessation in young adults&#58; Age at initiation of cigarette smoking and other suspected influences"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "N&#46; Breslau"
                              1 => "E&#46; Peterson"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health"
                          "fecha" => "1996"
                          "volumen" => "86"
                          "numero" => "2"
                          "paginaInicial" => "214"
                          "paginaFinal" => "220"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633738"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              5 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0030"
                "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Age of smoking initiation&#58; implications for quitting"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Chen"
                              1 => "W&#46; Millar"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Health Rep"
                          "fecha" => "1998"
                          "volumen" => "9"
                          "numero" => "4"
                          "paginaInicial" => "29"
                          "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              6 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0035"
                "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Fumo ambiental e Sa&#250;de"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Calheiros"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Clin Geral&#59;"
                          "fecha" => "2006"
                          "volumen" => "22"
                          "paginaInicial" => "245"
                          "paginaFinal" => "253"
                          "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                            "pii" => "S0001731010004783"
                            "estado" => "S300"
                            "issn" => "00017310"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              7 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0040"
                "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "JO L 194 de 18&#46;7&#46;2001&#44; p&#46; 26&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              8 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0045"
                "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "JO L 22&#44; 25&#46;1&#46;2003&#44; pp&#46; 31&#8211;34&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              9 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0050"
                "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "JO L 152&#44; 20&#46;6&#46;2003&#44; pp&#46; 16-19&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              10 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0055"
                "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "JO C 189&#44; 26&#46;7&#46;1989&#44; pp&#46; 1-2&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              11 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0060"
                "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "Proposta de Lei n&#46;&#186; 119&#47;X do Governo&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              12 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0065"
                "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Substance abuse and addiction among medical students&#44; residents and physicians"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "J&#46; Flaherty"
                              1 => "J&#46; Tichman"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatr clin North Am"
                          "fecha" => "1993"
                          "volumen" => "16"
                          "paginaInicial" => "189"
                          "paginaFinal" => "197"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456044"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              13 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0070"
                "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "O m&#233;dico de fam&#237;lia e a depend&#234;ncia tab&#225;gica&#58; uma oportunidade de ouro para intervir na qualidade de vida do paciente"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "L&#46; Rebelo"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Clin Geral"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "20"
                          "numero" => "1"
                          "paginaInicial" => "75"
                          "paginaFinal" => "84"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              14 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0075"
                "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Tabagismo&#58; a principal causa de mortalidade evit&#225;vel&#46; O papel dos m&#233;dicos de fam&#237;lia no controlo do tabagismo"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "M&#46; Bernardo"
                              1 => "E&#46; S&#225;"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Postgrad Med"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "21"
                          "paginaInicial" => "101"
                          "paginaFinal" => "114"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              15 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0080"
                "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "An international review of tobacco smoking among medical students"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "Smith Dr&#46;"
                              1 => "P&#46;A&#46; Leggat"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "J Postgrad Med"
                          "fecha" => "2007"
                          "volumen" => "53"
                          "paginaInicial" => "55"
                          "paginaFinal" => "62"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17244976"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              16 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0085"
                "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "Antunes"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:2 [
                          "titulo" => "Jo&#227;o Lobo&#59; Sobre a M&#227;o e Outros Ensaios"
                          "fecha" => "2005"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              17 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0090"
                "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Smoking Habits Among Sixth-year Medical Students in Spain"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => true
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "A&#46; Mas"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:6 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronchopneumol"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "40"
                          "numero" => "9"
                          "paginaInicial" => "403"
                          "paginaFinal" => "408"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              18 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0095"
                "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "A descriptive model of cigarette epidemic in developed countries"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Lopez"
                              1 => "N&#46;E&#46; Collishaw"
                              2 => "T&#46; Piha"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Tob Control&#46;"
                          "fecha" => "1994"
                          "volumen" => "3"
                          "paginaInicial" => "242"
                          "paginaFinal" => "247"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              19 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0100"
                "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Smoking patterns in a community sample of Portuguese adults&#46; 1999-2000"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:2 [
                              0 => "A&#46;C&#46; Santos"
                              1 => "H&#46; Barros"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med"
                          "fecha" => "2004"
                          "volumen" => "28"
                          "paginaInicial" => "1114"
                          "paginaFinal" => "1119"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              20 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0105"
                "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Smoking and its associated factors in Portuguese adolescent students"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "S&#46; Fraga"
                              1 => "E&#46; Ramos"
                              2 => "H&#46; Barros"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:7 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Rev Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica"
                          "fecha" => "2006"
                          "volumen" => "40"
                          "numero" => "4"
                          "paginaInicial" => "620"
                          "paginaFinal" => "626"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17063238"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              21 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0110"
                "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:3 [
                          "titulo" => "Special Eurobarometer&#59; Atitudes of European towards tobacco"
                          "fecha" => "2006"
                          "editorial" => "European Comission"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              22 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bb0115"
                "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Worldwide survey of education of education on tobacco in medical schools"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "R&#46;L&#46; Richmond"
                              1 => "L&#46; Kehoe"
                              2 => "D&#46;S&#46; Debono"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                          "fecha" => "1999"
                          "volumen" => "28"
                          "paginaInicial" => "187"
                          "paginaFinal" => "196"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302312/v1_201509151520/pt/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9575"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigos originais"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001400000002/v1_201509151520/S0873215915302312/v1_201509151520/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302312?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 219-230 (March - April 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 219-230 (March - April 2008)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Hábitos tabágicos em alunos do 6.º ano de Medicina e medidas anti-tabágicas
Smoking habits of sixth year medical students and anti-smoking measures in Portugal
Visits
5623
André Borges1, Filipa Marques1, José Lima1, Luís Costa1, Patrícia Gonçalves1, Rui Fernandes1, Nídia Gonçalves2,
Corresponding author
dspublica@fcm.unl.pt

Departamento Universitário de Saúde Pública / University Department of Public Health, Director: Prof. Doutor Jorge Manuel Torgal Dias Garcia, Morada / Address: Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130. 1169-056 Lisboa - Portugal, Telefones: (351) 218 803 060, (351) 218 803 000 (ext. 25458), Fax: (351) 218 875 545
1 Alunos do 6.º ano de Medicina, da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa / 6th year medical students, Lisbon School of Medicine
2 Assistente convidada do Departamento Universitário de Saúde Pública, da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa / Guest Professor, University Department of Public Health, Lisbon School of Sciences
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

Objectivos: Estudar os hábitos tabágicos, caracterizar o conhecimento, a aceitação de medidas anti-tabágicas e as expectativas em relação ao impacto destas na saúde pública em alunos do 6.º ano de Medicina, em Portugal.

Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal, cuja população-alvo foram os alunos de Medicina do sexto ano em Portugal. Foi utilizado um questionário auto-preenchido, anónimo, disponibilizado numa página online, que divulgámos por correio electrónico. Para a análise de algumas variáveis, utilizámos tabelas de contingência e a prova do χ2, com nível de significância de 0,05.

Resultados: Obtivemos 255 questionários válidos. A taxa de fumadores foi de 18,04%. O consumo de cigarros mais frequente foi entre 1-10, sendo mais elevado entre os homens. A idade de início da maioria foi entre 13-18 anos, com as mulheres a começarem mais tarde. Dos fumadores, 36,96% já fizeram uma tentativa de cessação tabágica. A maioria dos inquiridos concorda com as medidas anti-tabágicas inquiridas e considera que irão diminuir o consumo e a morbimortalidade da população em geral. A formação sobre cessação tabágica foi considerada suficiente por 34,90%.

Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com as características da população em geral, nomeadamente quanto à prevalência de fumadores, idade de início do consumo de tabaco e elevada prevalência de mulheres fumadoras. As medidas anti-tabágicas parecem reunir consenso, segundo a nossa amostra, que também espera uma redução do consumo geral e individual, assim como da morbimortalidade.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 219-230

Palavras-chave:
Alunos de Medicina
hábitos tabágicos
medidas anti-tabágicas
educação médica
Abstract

Objectives: To study the smoking habits of 6th year Portuguese medical students and assess their knowledge and acceptance of anti-smoking measures and how they felt these would impact on public health.

Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was made available online to the target population (6th year Portuguese medical students). The relationships between some of the variables were analysed using contingency tables and the χ2 test, with p<0.05 taken as statistically significant.

Results: We obtained 255 answers to our questionnaire. We found an 18.04% prevalence of smokers. The majority of smokers smoked 1 - 10 cigarettes per day, with men smoking more, and most of them had begun their habit between 13 and 18 years of age, with women beginning later. 36.96% of smokers had already made an attempt to quit smoking.

The great majority of the respondents agreed with the anti-smoking measures listed in the questionnaire. Furthermore, they expected these measures to have a positive impact on smoking and on smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Only 34.90% of the students judged smoking cessation to be sufficiently taught in their curricula.

Conclusions: The results are in accordance with the population in general in terms of the prevalence of smokers, the age of beginning smoking and a high prevalence of women smokers. There appears to be across-the-board agreement with anti-smoking measures, along with hope for a reduced general and individual consumption and morbi-mortality.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 219-230

Key-words:
Medical students
smoking habits
smoking ban
medical education
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia / Bibliography
[1.]
World Health Organization.
European country profiles on Tobacco Control, (2001),
[2.]
World Health Organization.
Tobacco Control Research. Confronting the Epidemic: A Global Agenda for Tobacco Control Research, WHO, (1999),
[3.]
M. Macedo, J. Precioso.
Evolução da Epidemia Tabágica em Adolescentes portugueses escolarizados e vias para o seu controlo – Uma análise baseada dos dados do Health Behaviour in School-aged children (HBSC).
Rev Port Pneumol, XII (2006), pp. 525-538
[4.]
Ministério da Saúde.
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. Inquérito Nacional de Saúde 1998/99.
Lisboa, (2001),
[5.]
N. Breslau, E. Peterson.
Smoking cessation in young adults: Age at initiation of cigarette smoking and other suspected influences.
Am J Public Health, 86 (1996), pp. 214-220
[6.]
J. Chen, W. Millar.
Age of smoking initiation: implications for quitting.
Health Rep, 9 (1998), pp. 29-46
[7.]
J. Calheiros.
Fumo ambiental e Saúde.
Rev Port Clin Geral;, 22 (2006), pp. 245-253
[8.]
JO L 194 de 18.7.2001, p. 26.
[9.]
JO L 22, 25.1.2003, pp. 31–34.
[10.]
JO L 152, 20.6.2003, pp. 16-19.
[11.]
JO C 189, 26.7.1989, pp. 1-2.
[12.]
Proposta de Lei n.º 119/X do Governo.
[13.]
J. Flaherty, J. Tichman.
Substance abuse and addiction among medical students, residents and physicians.
Psychiatr clin North Am, 16 (1993), pp. 189-197
[14.]
L. Rebelo.
O médico de família e a dependência tabágica: uma oportunidade de ouro para intervir na qualidade de vida do paciente.
Rev Port Clin Geral, 20 (2004), pp. 75-84
[15.]
M. Bernardo, E. Sá.
Tabagismo: a principal causa de mortalidade evitável. O papel dos médicos de família no controlo do tabagismo.
Postgrad Med, 21 (2004), pp. 101-114
[16.]
Smith Dr., P.A. Leggat.
An international review of tobacco smoking among medical students.
J Postgrad Med, 53 (2007), pp. 55-62
[17.]
Antunes.
João Lobo; Sobre a Mão e Outros Ensaios, (2005),
[18.]
A. Mas, et al.
Smoking Habits Among Sixth-year Medical Students in Spain.
Arch Bronchopneumol, 40 (2004), pp. 403-408
[19.]
A.D. Lopez, N.E. Collishaw, T. Piha.
A descriptive model of cigarette epidemic in developed countries.
Tob Control., 3 (1994), pp. 242-247
[20.]
A.C. Santos, H. Barros.
Smoking patterns in a community sample of Portuguese adults. 1999-2000.
Prev Med, 28 (2004), pp. 1114-1119
[21.]
S. Fraga, E. Ramos, H. Barros.
Smoking and its associated factors in Portuguese adolescent students.
Rev Saúde Pública, 40 (2006), pp. 620-626
[22.]
Special Eurobarometer; Atitudes of European towards tobacco, European Comission, (2006),
[23.]
R.L. Richmond, L. Kehoe, D.S. Debono.
Worldwide survey of education of education on tobacco in medical schools.
JAMA, 28 (1999), pp. 187-196
Copyright © 2008. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?